SE: vasodilation - 5-10mmHg in BP (caution in those on BP meds), nasal congestion, headache,
facial flushing, dizziness, blurred vision
-
Absolutely contraindicated in those taking nitrates
-
Taken roughly 30-60 minutes before intended action, and lasts 4-6 hours
-
Contact HCP if erection lasting longer the 4 hours (aka Priapism), painful and puts penile
tissue at risk for damage
-
Only once a day
Muscarinic
-
Type of cholinergic receptor - favors acetylcholine
-
In parasympathetic target organs
-
Stimulate smooth muscle (heart)
-
Stimulate gland secretion (endocrine)
-
In heart: decreased HR and force of contraction
Aldosterone (-saratan)
-
Stress hormone
-
Released by the adrenal gland to act on the kidneys to stimulate the reabsorption of salt and water
(part of the RAAS system)
-
Mineralocorticoid
-
Can increase dig levels
-
Not for pregnant pts
-
Watch for hyperkalemia
-
Increases BP (retain Na+ in the renal tubules, secretes potassium)
*From the hesi book - Adrenal glands secretes aldosterone, when the body’s blood pressure becomes too
low, resulting in sodium retention (leading to water retention), thereby increasing BP and potassium
excretion to maintain homeostasis
Glucagon (trade name - GlucGen):
increases the effects of oral anticoagulants
●
A hormone produced by alpha cells in the pancreas
●
Causes glycogen breakdown in the liver & helps to maintain a constant, adequate glucose level
between meals
●
Watch for hypokalemia
●
Pancreatic; antihypoglycemic
●
AE: anaphylaxis, unconsciousness
●
Used for hypoglycemia (cold, clammy skin) - increase the blood glucose
●
May be given SQ, IM, or IV
●
Contact HCP after given, insulin adjustment may be needed (if pt is in hypoglycemic shock
obviously call 911 first)
●
Antidote for Ca channel blockers and beta blockers
Testosterone
-
An androgen
-
Secreted by the testes
-
Primary hypogonadism - testes do not produce enough testosterone
-
Secondary hypogonadism - Lack of sufficient FSH and LH secretion from pituitary fail to
trigger testosterone production by testes
-
Treatment for both is replacement therapy with testosterone
-
Luteinizing hormone in men regulates testosterone production
-
Progesterone is secreted by the adrenal glands in men and is used to make testosterone
-
Effects tissues outside of the reproductive system
as well
-
Build muscle mass
-
Promotes synthesis of erythropoietin
-
Testosterone levels shift with age
-
Monitor BS and hepatic function, may decrease clotting ability
-
3-6 months at max
Leukotrienes
●
Promote edema, inflammation and bronchoconstriction
●
Released from mast cells
●
Long term treatment of asthma
●
Can cause suicidal thought, watch for mood changes
●
Leukotriene Modifiers: decrease inflammation and ease bronchoconstriction
●
Montelukast (Singulair)
○
Block release of leukotriene
○
Decrease inflammation and indirectly reduce bronchospasm.
