Statelessness African kingdoms had little to no organization until Mali 8 Gold

Statelessness - African kingdoms had little to no organization (until Mali) 8. Gold - very plentiful and sought after in Africa; fueled the economy 9. Trans-Saharan Trade - gold mining, urban development, and slave desire all increased; Islam came to Africa 1. Trans-Saharan Trade 2. What was traded to and from (dates, salt, cotton cloth, etc. to Africa)(Gold, ivory, gum, kola nuts, etc. traded out of Africa) 3. Barbers 4. 1200-1450, Reign of Mali as West African Trading State 5. Mixed Islam 6. Tuareg 7. 8th Century, Islam arrives in West Africa 8. Gold Mining 9. Start of African Slave Trade 10. Importance of the Camel 11. Mali’s strong agriculture and commercial base 12. Way the state was structured (2 rulers) 13. Trade in the Sahara 14. Gold, Ivory, slaves oh my

15. Saharan Barbers 16. Islam in africa 17. 1240-1450- Mali is main trading power 18. Camel & saddle 19. Importance of Mali ports 20. Mansa Musa 21. Africa's diverse agriculture presence *** divide Mali and trans-Saharan trade items. Know something about Mali government Ottoman Empire: Timar System Constantinople Mehmed Osman 1453- Taking of Constantinople Orban of Hungary Viziers 1299- Beginning of the Ottoman Empire Janissaries Sultans Divan 1) trade 2) Muslims 3) Turks 4) viziers 5) devshirme 6) Christians 7) 1299-1922 8) Constantinople 9) sultans 10) Byzantine empire

11) Anatolia 12) Osman 13) expansion 14) Suleiman I 1299-1326 AD: Lifetime of Osman Osman: Chief of a band of semi nomadic Turks Anatolia: Territory where Ottomans settled Captives: The Ottomans would train their slaves/captives to fight in their military Sultans: Political and military rulers within the Ottomans Gunpowder: The Ottomans used gunpowder to take over shipping in the eastern Mediterranean, taking out the Portuguese from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf Treaty of Kar-I-Shirim: Set up a border between Baghdad and the Ottoman Empire Viziers: Chief assistants to caliphs Devshirme Janissaries: Turkish word for Yen Cheri, “new troops”. These new troops are a counter to Chinese “new men”. Concubine: A woman recognized as a spouse, but not as high level as a wife 1. Ottomans - Semi-nomadic Turks that had migrated into western Anatolia while the Mongols held control of Persia 2. Sultan - Held the majority of the power over the empire; supreme political and military rulers 3. Divan - Imperial Council 4. Janissaries - infantry and artillery 5. Istanbul - Renamed from Constantinople when Mehmet II takes over 6. Timar System - a feudal system of land grants 7. 1402 - Ottomans suffer defeat at the hands of Timur 8. 1453 - Ottomans Take over Constantinople 9. 1514 - Ottomans turn the Safavids back from Anatolia 10. viziers - chief assistants to caliphs 11. Sultan Mehmet II - conquered Constantinople at age 21

Indian Ocean  Vasco de Gama  Portugal  Trading-Post Empire  Mughal Empire  Gupta Empire Maritime Trade o Pepper & Cinnamon o Cotton o Ivory, tortoise shell, precious stones, etc.