Mahatma gandhi started the salt satyagraha in 1930

Mahatma Gandhi started the Salt Satyagraha in 1930 within Dandi, Gujarat where he manufactured Salt, broke the
Salt Law and started a nationwide civil disobedience.
 It was a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly in colonial
India. This was the most significant organized challenge to British authority since the Non-cooperation movement
and directly followed the Purna Swaraj declaration by the Indian National Congress in the1930’s.
The Quit India Movement
 The Quit India movement was the final nationalist movement in India.
 Gandhi started it in 1942 in response to the Cripps mission.
o The Cripps mission was formed by a group of British individuals to see how India would look when it was
independent.
o The Indians had control over defense but not over foreign affairs
o And from this we get the “Quit India” movement  the political ideology: Britain couldn’t stop the
Japanese incursion in Burma, so why and how will they protect India.
o During this movement, there was a lot of communal unrest notably in Calcutta due to the famine.
o Gandhi went on a 21 day fast and there were 100,000 arrests.

Describe relations between different communities in South Asia (Hindu, Muslim, Dalit, etc..). How did communalism
arise in the subcontinent? What is the connection between communalism and partition?
 Hindus constitute the bulk of the population and they inhabit in all parts of the country. Muslims constitute the
largest religious minority. But the adjustment between the Hindus and Muslims has been a failure several times,
resulting in violent communal riots.
 In the communal riots during partition, millions of people were rendered homeless while millions of others lost their
property. Communalism was responsible for the division of the country into India and Pakistan. The partition was
expected to resolve the riddle, but it failed. Communalism is a political doctrine, which makes use of religious and
cultural differences to achieve political ends.
Early 1900’s
 The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885, claiming that it had the objective of obtaining a greater share in
government for educated Indians and to create a platform for civic and political dialogue of educated Indians with
the British Raj.
 But Within the next few years, the demands of the INC became more radical in the face of constant opposition from
the government, and the party decided to advocate in favour of the independence movement, as it would allow for a
new political system in which they could be a major party.
1920’s onward
 The last stages of the independence struggle from the 1920s onwards saw Congress adopt Gandhi's policy of
nonviolence and civil resistance, Muhammad Ali Jinnah's constitutional struggle for the rights of minorities in India,
and several other campaigns.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah pushed for more rights of minorities:
 Muslim League 1906
o It was a political party established in the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire. Its