Volume volume is the quantity of three dimensional

the solid, material, space-occupying bulk that is contained within its surfaces.
volume- Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by some closed boundary,
closed form-
A self-contained or explicitly limited form; having a resolved balance of tensions,
open form- design that is not a solid mass but that literally has openings within it, where lines
and planes often replace solid volumes or enclosing surfaces and thus the open (negative)
space becomes a major component of the work.
vertical placement-
we perceive objects that are placed lower in the image as closer to us, and
objects that are placed higher as being further away.
perspective-
the art of drawing solid objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right
impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other when viewed from a
particular point.
linear perspective-
works by representing the light that passes from a scene through an
imaginary rectangle (realized as the plane of the painting), to the viewer's eye, as if a

viewer were looking through a window and painting what is seen directly onto the
windowpane.
Renaissance-
The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and
17th
vanishing point- It says that the image in a picture plane π of a line L in space, not parallel to
the picture
horizon line-
runs across the paper or canvas to represent the viewer’s eye level, or delineate
where the sky meets the ground.