In other countries regions have names such as canton

_ In other countries, regions have names such as canton, province, prefecture,
land, and département .
● Unitary Systems Centralizes Power
_In a unitary system of government , the constitution concentrates power in the
national, or central, government.
_The national government may choose to create regional governments to carry
out its policies.

● Advantage
_ it promotes national unity by having all parts of a country follow the same laws
and policies
_t he national government may also appoint the officials who run the regional
governments.
_ provides funds without which the prefectures could not operate
● Disadvantage
_ regional governments exercise only those powers given to them by the national
government
_ most unitary nations have discovered that too much centralization is not good in
practice
_ officials working at the national level cannot know the needs of every town and
village.
_ most unitary states have decentralized to a certain degree, allowing regions
some powers of their own.
● Federal System Dividing Power
_ In a federal system of government , the constitution divides power between the
national government and the regional governments.
*_ large country with and highly populated place will be more likely to adopt a
federal system.
_n ational government has some fixed responsibilities, such as protecting the
nation
_ has other responsibilities, such as setting up schools.
_ most likely to be adopted in large countries with diverse population
● Advantage
_ the flexibility it gives regional governments in meeting the needs of different
language and ethnic groups
● Disadvantage
_ downside of this flexibility can be a patchwork of competing laws from region to
region
_ conflicts may arise between the central government and regional governments.
● Confederal system Decentralizing power
_ The United States was the first modern country to adopt a federal system of
government

_ The first American constitution, the Articles of Confederation, created a
confederal system of government
_ power resides in the regions, which are independent states
● Advantage
_ allowed the states to unite for some purposes without giving up the power to run
their own affairs
_ allowed for greater flexibility in meeting local needs
_ by limiting the powers of the central government, a confederal system reduced
the likelihood that it would become an authoritarian regime.
● Disadvantages
_ was too weak to meet the needs of the nation as a whole
_ lacked the power to end quarreling among the states
_ result was an unworkable system that threatened the very survival of the
nation.
_
2.5 Economic System around the World
_ An economic system is a way of organizing the production and consumption of
goods and services.
_ Economic systems exist because people must meet certain needs to survive.