rSR' complex in leads I, V5 or V6 (the S is a Q-wave equivalent occurring inthe middle of the QRS complex).RS complex in V5-6 rather than the usual monophasic R waves seen inuncomplicated LBBB; (the S is a Q-wave equivalent)."Primary" ST-T wave changes (i.e., ST-T changes in the same direction asthe QRS complex rather than the usual "secondary" ST-T changes seen inuncomplicated LBBB). Also, exaggerated ST deviation in same direction asthe usual LBBB ST changes in LBBB (see leads V1 and V2 in Example #14).These changes may reflect an acute, evolving MI, and are considered part ofSgarbossa’s criteria.
76Example #14:Acute anterior and septal MI with LBBB. Note exaggerated convex-upwards STelevation in V1-3 and unexpected“Primary”ST elevation in I, aVL; also note the smallunexpected q-waves I, aVL, V6 (i.e., no longer just a monophasic R wave).Example #15: Old MI (probable septal location) with LBBB.Remember LBBB without MI shouldhavemonophasicR waves in I, aVL, V6).This ECG has abnormal q waves in I, aVL, V5-6suggesting a septal MI location.Note also the notching on the upslope of S wave (arrow) in V4(“sign of Cabrera”)and the PVC couplet.IV.Non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI)ECG changes may be minimal, or may show only T wave inversion, or may show STsegment depression with or without T wave inversion.Although it is tempting to localize the non-Q MI by the particular leads showing ST-Tchanges, this is probably only valid for the ST segment elevationMI’s (STEMI)Evolving ST-T changes may include any of the following patterns:ST segment depression in 2 or more leads (this carries the worse prognosis)Symmetrical T wave inversion only (this carries a better prognosis)Combinations of above changesOR the ECG may remain normal or only show minimal change; this is usuallyassociated with a good prognosis due to small amount of myocardial damage.
77V.The PseudoinfarctsThese are ECG cases that mimic myocardial infarction either by simulating pathologic Qor QS waves or mimicking the typical ST-T changes of acute MI.WPW preexcitation: ECG leads withnegativedelta wave may mimic pathologic Qwaves; see the next ECG.This interesting ECG has onlyintermittentWPWpreexcitation.The WPW pattern is seen during the first half of the ECG, butdisappeared when the precordial leads V1-6 were recorded.Note the deep Q and QSwaves in leads II, III, and aVF. These arenotreally infarct Q waves but negative(down-going) delta waves.Note also the slurred upstroke of the QRS complex inleads I, and the first half of the V5 rhythm strip (bottom channel). In the 2ndhalf ofthe ECG tracing the “pseudo” Q waves in the lead II rhythm strip disappear and a qRwave QRS complex appears indicating the return of normal conduction through theventricles.Also the delta wave in lead V5 goes disappears on the V5 rhythm stripduring the 2ndhalf of the ECG.Finally, the PR interval is shorter during the 1sthalf ofthe ECG when preexcitation is occurring.
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Cardiac electrophysiology