superior for the outcome

centralized organization a structure in which authority is concentrated at the top and very little decision making authority is delegated at lower levels decentralized organization decision making authority is delegated as far down the chain of command as possible- complex, unpredictable environments span of management number of subordinates who report to a particular manager wide span of management exists when a manager directly supervises a large number of employees narrow span of management exists when a manger directly supervises only a few subordinates organizational layers levels of management in an organization a company with many layers is called... tall/narrow a company with not a lot of layers is called... flat/wide line structure simplest organizational structure- direct lines of authority extend from the top manage to the lowest level of the organization (small businesses) line and staff structure

traditional linear relationship between superiors and subordinated and also specialized managers (staff managers) who are available to assist line managers multidivisional structure organizes departments into larger groups called divisions matrix structure structure that sets up teams from different departments creating two or more intersecting lines of authority (project management structure)- looks like a table group two or more individuals who communicate with one another, share a common identity, and have a common goal team small group whose members have complementary skills; have a common purpose, goals, and approach; and hold themselves mutually accountable committee permanent, formal group that performs a specific task task force temporary group of employees responsibility for bringing about a particular change project teams groups similar to task forces that normally run their operation and have total control of a specific work project product development teams specific type of project team formed to devise, design, and implement a new project quality assurance teams (quality circles) small groups of workers brought together from throughout the organization to solve specific quality, productivity, or service problems self directed work team (SDWT)

group of employees responsible for an entire work process or segment that delivers a product to an internal or external customer upward communication flows from lower to higher levels of the organization and includes information scubas process reports and suggestions for improvement downward communication traditional flow of information from upper organizational levels to lower levels, involves directions, performance feedback, details about goals horizontal communication exchange of information around colleagues and peers on the same organization level, informs supports, and coordinates activities within the department and other departments diagonal communication individuals from different units and organizational levels communicate grapevine