High consideration was negatively related to performance ratings of the
leader by his/her superior.
B. University of Michigan Studies
1.
Leadership studies were undertaken at the same time as those being done at
Ohio State, with similar research objectives. They discovered two dimensions
of leadership behavior
—
employee-oriented and production-oriented.
2.
Employee-oriented leaders emphasized interpersonal relations.
They took a
personal interest in the needs of their employees and accepted individual
differences among members.
3.
The production-oriented leaders tended to emphasize the technical or task
aspects of the job
—
group members were a means to that end.
4.
Michigan researchers’ conclusions strongly favored the leaders who were
employee oriented. Employee-oriented leaders were associated with higher
group productivity and higher job satisfaction.
5.
Production-oriented leaders tended to be associated with low group
productivity and lower job satisfaction.
C. The Managerial Grid
1.
Blake
and Mouton proposed a managerial grid based on the styles of “concern
for people” and “concern for production,” which essentially represent the Ohio
State dimensions of consideration and initiating structure or the Michigan
dimensions of employee-oriented and production-oriented.
