O chancre is a red circumscribed crusted oral lesion

o Chancre is a red, circumscribed, crusted oral lesion of the lip that is the primary
manifestation of syphilis.
o Peripheral neuropathy can develop as an adverse effect of medications used to treat
AIDS; however, it is not an indication of an opportunistic infection.
 Questions that should be asked for a child who has persistent otitis media

o Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear. Passive smoking promotes adherence of
respiratory pathogens to the lining of the middle ear space. It also prolongs the
inflammation and impedes drainage from the ear.
o Although aspirin has some implications for Reye’s syndrome if the child takes it
during a viral illness, aspirin itself does not cause otitis media.
o Although gluten has some association with a variety of gastrointestinal and allergic
disorders, it does not cause otitis media.
o Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear. Exposure to cold weather does not
cause it.
 Priority for community health nurse to visit
o The nurse should apply the safety and risk reduction priority-setting framework. This
framework assigns priority to the factor or situation posing the greatest safety risk to
the client. When there are several risks to the client's safety, the risk posing the
greatest threat is the highest priority. The nurse should use Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs, the ABC priority-setting framework, or nursing knowledge to identify which
risk poses the greatest threat to the client. An elevated bilirubin level can lead to
kernicterus; therefore, it is imperative for the nurse to initiate phototherapy
immediately to help prevent this dangerous outcome.
 Acid base imbalance
o ROME
 Indication of an intravascular hemolytic reaction
o The nurse should identify sudden oliguria as an indication of an acute intravascular
hemolytic reaction. This type of transfusion reaction causes acute kidney injury
resulting in sudden oliguria and hemoglobinuria. This type of reaction results from
the client’s antibodies reacting to the transfused RBCs.
o Tachypnea as a compensatory mechanism due to circulatory shock is an indication of
an intravascular hemolytic reaction.
o Hypotension due to circulatory shock is an indication of an intravascular hemolytic
reaction.
o A fever is an indication of an intravascular hemolytic reaction.
 Medication to administer to prevent Addisonian crisis
o Addison’s disease causes adrenal gland hypofunction and inadequate production of
glucocorticoids. Acute adrenal insufficiency is life-threatening, with severe fluid and
electrolyte imbalances. Without treatment, sodium levels fall and potassium levels
increase. Rapid infusion of IV fluids, such as 0.9% sodium chloride, and IV
administration of high dose corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, to correct the
glucocorticoid deficiency are essential.