communists get intellectuals on their side nationalist government forced to

communists get intellectuals on their side ◦ nationalist government forced to shift priority from mopping up the communists to preparing for war ◦ Japan launches all-out attack at Peking, Beijing ◦ KMT troops in large-scale retreat ◦ Japanese military spread thin over large China ◦ CCP finds great opportunity to expand in rural China ◦ war altered the balance between the KMT and CCP so that, when war ended communists controlled north China and Manchuria • nationalist troops demolished in several decisive campaigns

• Chaing Kai-shek leads millions of KMT loyalists to island of Taiwan ◦ People's Republic of China (PRC) formally established in Beijing ◦ Republic of China (ROC) migrates to Taiwan • to this day, Chinese civil war is still technically on • KMT attempted to monopolize mass media, but couldn't ◦ also failed to mobilize genuine peasant support CCP's shift from blatant class struggle to peasant nationalism ◦ China's choice narrowed down to two models: authoritarian statist or communist ◦ CCP won the civil war in 1949 • as Taiwan moved to liberalism, mainland China would later experience a shift from communism to the statist model that Taiwan had exemplified • reform in China today has rekindled a liberal-democratic tendency • Taiwan protected by the US through the Taiwan Relations Act • election of the blatantly pro-independence Chen Shui-bian from the Democratic Progressive Party as the ROC's president in 2000 further ruled the cross-Strait tension Developmental Stage of the Communist Regime • developmental stages of a Leninist regime ◦ 1) the initial transformation aimed at remaking the society ◦ 2) the reform backlash ◦ 3) the conservative consolidation •