B what are multiversion schemes of concurrency

b. What are multiversion schemes of concurrency control ?
Describe with the help of an example. Discuss the various
time stamping protocols for concurrency control also.
4. Attempt any one of the following : (10 × 1 = 10)
a. Consider the following relation. The primary key is Rollno,
Isbn, Student(Roll No, Name, Branch), Book(Isbn, Title,
Author, Publisher) Issue(Roll No, Isbn, date_of_issue).
Write the query in relational algebra and SQL of the
following :
i. List the roll number and name of all CSE branch students.
ii. Find the name of students who have issued a book of
publication ‘BPB’.
iii. List the title and author of all books which are issued by a
student name started with ‘ a ’.
iv. List the title of all books issued on or before 20/09/2012.
v. List the name of student who will read the book of author
named ‘Sanjeev’.
b. Draw an ER diagram of hospital or bank with showing the
specialization, aggregation, generalization. Also convert
it in to relational schemas and SQL DDL.
5. Attempt any one of the following : (10 × 1 = 10)
a. Explain the primary key, super key, foreign key and
candidate key with example.
b. Short notes of the following :
i. MVD or JD
ii. Normalization with advantages
6. Attempt any one of the following : (10 × 1 = 10)
a. What is log ? How is it maintained ? Discuss the features
of deferred database modification and immediate database
modification in brief.
b. What do you mean by transaction ? Explain transaction
property with detail and suitable example.

SP–3 A (CS/IT-Sem-5) Database Management System
7. Attempt any one of the following : (10 × 1 = 10)
a. Explain all database languages in detail with example.
b. Explain data fragmentation with types.


SP–4 A (CS/IT-Sem-5) Solved Paper (2017-18)
SOLUTION OF PAPER (2017-18)
Note : Attempt all Sections. Assume any missing data.
SECTION-A
1. Attempt all questions of the following : (2 × 10 = 20)
a. Explain specialization.
Ans.
Specialization is the abstracting process of introducing new
characteristics to an existing class of objects to create one or more
new classes of objects. This involves taking a higher-level, and
using additional characteristics, generating lower-level entities.
b. Write advantages of database.
Ans.
Advantages of database :
1. Controlling data redundancy
2. Sharing of data
3. Data consistency
4. Integration of data
5. Integration constraints
6. Data security
c. Define DML.
Ans.
A DML is a language that enables users to access and manipulate
data as organized by the appropriate data model. Insert, update,
delete, query are commonly used DML commands.
d. Explain logical data independence.
Ans.
The separation of the external views from the conceptual views
which enables the user to change the conceptual view without
effecting the external views or application program is called logical
data independence
e. Explain entity integrity constraints.
Ans.