Recycling cardboard mg 636 636 0576 113 disposal

Recycling cardboard mg 6.36 6.36 0.576 1.13
Disposal, municipal solid waste, to landfill, methane energy recovery mg 40.8 31.1 24.6 17.2
Disposal, municipal solid waste, to incineration, energy recovery mg 9.56 7.30 5.77 4.03
Transportation
To plant Transport, lorry >16t, fleet average (RER) kgkm 0.0142 0.0112 0.0077 0.0056
To US port Transport, transoceanic freight ship (OCE) kgkm 0.533 0.386 0.290 0.205
To warehouse Transport, freight, rail, diesel (US) kgkm 0.132 0.0957 0.0719 0.0509
To warehouse Transport, lorry >32t, EURO3 (RER) kgkm 0.0012 0.00088 0.00066 0.00047
To washroom Transport, lorry 16 ‐ 32t, EURO3 (RER) kgkm 0.0894 0.0648 0.0487 0.0344
To waste facility Transport, lorry 7.5 ‐ 16t, EURO3 (RER) kgkm 0.0051 0.0037 0.0028 0.0020
References
[27] [27] [14, 27] [14, 27]
Reference flow
1/350,000 of dryer and packaging
Electricity to dry one pair of hands

76
Table 20 Bill of activities data representing one functional unit of towel systems.
Life cycle
stage
Unit process Unit
Cotton roll
towels
Paper towels Dispenser
Waste bin
and liners
Materials
Copper, primary, at refinery (RER)
mg — — 0.483 —
Cotton fibres, ginned, at farm (CN) mg 178 — — —
Polyethylene, LDPE, granulate, at plant (RER)
mg — — — 126
Polypropylene, granulate, at plant (RER)
mg — — 9.13 —
Steel, converter, chromium steel 18/8, at plant (RER)
mg — — 0.483 20.4
Sulphate pulp, ECF bleached, at plant (RER) mg — 4,112 — —
Pulp from waste paper mg — (4,112)
a
— —
Packaging
Corrugated board, fresh fibre, single wall, at plant (RER)
mg — 414 0.648 10.1
Packaging
Packaging film, LDPE, at plant (RER)
mg 90.2 — — —
Manufacturing
Electricity, medium voltage, at grid (CN) kJ — — 0.445 —
Electricity, low voltage, at grid (US)
kJ — 29.4 — —
Natural gas, burned in industrial furnace low ‐ NOx >100kW (RER)
kJ — 48.7 0.474 —
Water,nspecified natural origin
L — 0.212 — —
Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 3 (CH) L — 0.212 — —
Extrusion, plastic film (RER) mg — — — 126
Extrusion, plastic pipes (RER)
mg — — 7.98 —
Spinning cotton fiber
mg 160 — — —
Sizing
mg 160 — — —
Weaving mg 157 — — —
De ‐ sizing / scouring / bleaching
mg 157 — — —
Use
Laundering
g 16.2 — — —
End ‐ of ‐ life
Recycling cardboard mg — 317 0.496 7.75
Disposal, municipal solid waste, to landfill, methane energy recovery
mg 218 3,410 8.30 120
Disposal, municipal solid waste, to incineration, energy recovery
mg 51.0 800 1.95 28.2

77
Life cycle
stage
Unit process Unit
Cotton roll
towels
Paper towels Dispenser
Waste bin
and liners
Transportation
To plant
Transport, lorry >16t, fleet average (RER)
kgkm 0.0671 1.13 0.0027 0.039
To US port Transport, transoceanic freight ship (OCE) kgkm 1.65 — 0.098 1.57
To warehouse Transport, freight, rail, diesel (US) kgkm 0.409 — 0.0243 0.388
To warehouse
Transport, lorry >32t, EURO3 (RER)
kgkm 0.0038 — 0.00022 0.0036
To washroom
Transport, lorry 16 ‐ 32t, EURO3 (RER)
kgkm 0.277 7.60 0.0164 0.262
To laundry
Transport, lorry 3.5 ‐ 7.5t, EURO3 (RER)
kgkm 1.62 — — —
To waste facility Transport, lorry 7.5 ‐ 16t, EURO3 (RER) kgkm 0.024 0.432 0.00093 0.015
References
[12] [12 ‐ 14] [14] [6, 14]
Reference flow
1/103 of one
towel pull and
packaging,
plus laundry
2 paper
towels
1/350,000 of
dispenser and
packaging
1/350,000 of
waste bin &
pkging, plus
1/270 of bin
liner & pkging
(a) Parentheses indicate masses associated with paper towels manufactured from 100% recycled content (assuming cut ‐ off allocation of that content).