Negative appraisals of harming others values to

Negative appraisals of harming others
○ Values to reciprocity and fairness
○ Requirements concerning behaving in a manner benefiting one’s status in the social
hierarchy
○ Regulations clustering around bodily matters
● Utilitarianism: promote the greatest good for the greatest number
● Kant: treat others as you like to be treated
● Virtue ethics: be a virtuous person in all aspects
● Deontology: focus on the act rather than the consequences
● Steps in moral reasoning
○ Identify the ethical issue
○ Get the facts
○ Apply alternative approaches to the facts
○ Reach a conclusion
Ethical decision making and actions
● Behavioral ethics: why people make the decisions they do

● Acceptability heuristic: people judge their actions depending on if it is acceptable to superiors or
not
● Conformity bias: take their cues of proper behavior from the actions of others
● Self serving bias: gather, process, and remember information in a manner to advance our self-
interest and support our pre-existing views
● Belief persistence: people tend to persist in beliefs they hold long after the basis for those beliefs
is substantially discredited
● Role morality: people may adopt different moralities for different roles they play in society
● People hate losing things more than they like gaining things
● Fundamental attribution error: peoples tendency to underestimate how situational factors affect
others decision and overestimate how much they affect their own
●
Corporate social responsibility
● Corporation: legal entity that is capable of owning property, making contracts, etc
● Donaldson and dunfee
○ Hypernorms: values that would be fully accepted in almost all cultures and organizations
○ Consistent norms: less universal and more culturally specific than hypernorms
○ Moral free space: norms are inconsistent with at least some other legitimate norms
○ Illegitimate norms: incompatible with hypernorms
● Friedman: corporations are not moral agents, only managers and employees have moral status
Cases:
Unit 1:
Soldano v. O'Daniels
Summary:
- villanueva pulls gun on soldano at saloon
- a bystander asks to use the phone to call police, bartender refuses
- trial judge dismissed case and plaintiff appealed

Issue:
Does establishment incur liability for death if it denies use of telephone to a Good Samaritan in an
emergency?
Decision:
Yes - appeal was confirmed. It was bartender's duty to allow use of the phone to the Good Samaritan
during normal business hours, and he must not interfere (however, there is no rule requiring that he take
action himself)
Fraserside v. Youngtek Solutions
Summary:
- foreign porn company Youngtek used videos and logo of american company on their website
- Youngtek motioned to dismiss
Issue:
Does Iowa court have jurisdiction over foreign Youngtek?