Corporation as for an individual means for serving

corporation as for an individual
○ means for serving summons on a corporation if there is no appearance:
○ must have a registered agent in the forum state
Long-arm Statutes and Due process
● allows a state to exercise jurisdiction over out-of-state defendants, provided that the
government can prove that the defendant has at least minimum contacts in the forum
state.
●
Minimum contact and substantial context. establishes that so long as a corporation had
a degree of contact within the state bringing suit, they are subject to the laws of the state
and can be sued by and within the forum state in co
urt.
○ General personal jurisdictio n: when the nonresident has had substantial
continuing contacts with the forum state. So much activity within the state that it
can be sued for anything.
○ Specific personal jurisdictio n: if the defendant has intentionally had any act in the
forum state at all. Activity directed within the state
● 100 mile bulge provision : allows a federal court to exercise personal jurisdiction 100-
miles of the court even if they are located in another state Rule.
● 4(K)(2)
base on question of federal law : allows a federal court in a case in which subject
matter jurisdiction is based on a question of federal law to exercise personal jurisdiction
over a foreign defendant that has enough contacts with the U.S. as a whole to establish
personal jurisdiction
In Rem Cases:
● court not required to have personal jurisdiction over a particular party
● state and federal courts have inherent in rem jurisdiction over any item of property
located in the forum state
Related matters
● Venue : only refers to the geographic location where the court is taking place. Like if you
can’t decide if you want to file a case in San Antonio vs. Austin.
○ EX: Bernie - the movie about the small town that they had to move the venue
because everyone loved the murderer and hated the lady that was killed

● Conflict of the law (pg 44)
○ when several state laws are applicable to the case
○ choice of law rules: designed to prevent a plaintiff with multiple jurisdictions
from which to choose from “forum shopping” for the jurisdiction with the laws
most favorable to him or her
○ case against Union Carbide that was transferred from federal court in NY to a
court in India under forum non convenience.
Chapter 3
Adversarial system
● Who tells the best story.
● Legal system is set up under an adversary system, responsible for each party to know all
the laws and evidence before the trial, can’t go into the courtroom and ask the judge for
help, and can confidently bring case into the courtroom.
○ Judge usually is a neutral third party.
● The Adversarial System: both civil and criminal proceedings in the US are based on this
(English legal system)
The Inquisitorial system: used in European nations (not English legal system)
● trial judge or panel of trial judges have most of the control over the process and the
parties have less power
●