A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis dka

9780323583426. A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the
following laboratory values:
arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum
potassium (K+) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na+) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he
has
been sick with the “flu” for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin
deficiency?
a. Increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the
intracellular space.
b. Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and
osmotic diuresis.
c. Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and
metabolic alkalosis.
d. Decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory
acidosis, and electrolyte loss.
Decreased glucose causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic
diuresis, which have resulted in the symptoms listed in the question. Glucose is not
being used
which accounts for the high serum glucose. The pH indicates acidosis, not alkalosis.
DKA is a
metabolic, not respiratory, process.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
27. Why does polyuria occur with diabetes mellitus?

b. Chronic insulin resistance
c. Elevation in serum glucose
d. Increase in antidiuretic hormone
Glucose accumulates in the blood and appears in the urine as the renal threshold for
glucose is
exceeded, producing an osmotic diuresis and the symptoms of polyuria and thirst.
Ketone
formation would lead to acidosis. Insulin resistance will promote hyperglycemia. And
increase in antidiuretic hormone leads to water retention.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering