A ipa41 1 l7 15 o l c k 5 0 o a o l t 03 o l 4db 4 1

:a i.p.A.41
/)-! 1 � - L7 15 - �
- o /
L
c* k 5
.0
- o / a.!
„ � -
o
/ L ).. t
,03 �
o / �
- � - L)
.4.db -
- � - �
- 4 1 4
-u-?) � - � -
dSi
� 4;-?-333
�
'.)-‘1 1
' While possible, it is less common that both
ix.41
and � I are definite:
Such as, 4l.1211:1 o.:ub � 64".311 4.njJ 61 L ,sb di.w)41
oa,
This school is the only school in this area. These sentences tend to be
L
,
emphatic in some way, and, in this example, the pronoun
ta
acts to separate and highlight both
1a. ... .„1.1
and
clA

a.s as � oict.
These are old houses.
This is a large city.
A
�
This is an Italian restaurant.
. L )1.6.21 � 11.2)
J1.!/)
I
J4I oftt,
this beautiful city
jUn.2>II c t..=12.1.111a,
this Italian restaurant
these old houses
4111 '11 � oasb
Lesson 5
0A03
.0
.V
.A
0
.4ja.1 L „.o33 C.) * 1 . 9.1 .... 4 � Lcb j ..o.c.
j 3 .,,2J1 4 .1 •
(c.„.4. ) .
.4)
vaisid c � c
t...,A A
This exercise is available online only.
oak.
/
The demonstratives I. and ()1st. are used both in sentences, for example "This is an easy
test," and in definite noun phrases, for example, "this test." What differentiates these two
constructions? Compare the phrases in A and B:
B
=I
■
ri
'
`\

This big city is very beautiful. .1,..L?- - . 4.1.,...o.?- 8_, ? ..CJI al2.3.1,1 0,1.,:b
This Italian restaurant is the best!
1
::..sr..6..0 ,: ) ..,...,-1 t
p.1ay . >11 s t,..2.4.1,1 111
These old houses are historic.
... ,L t y i l3 . 4i..sa.ii11 cl.) 5 .,J I
oak
4L t _li? bsz.6.,3 13Lt
.419-
813,0 4lsk3
‘ ';:..- 1 1 (.:%1..!-?- J 1
2- 0
- 81 •
You can see that section A contains sentences, whereas section B contains phrases. This
distinction is made grammatically by the use of JI: The definite phrases in B refer to definite,
specific entities, and so the nouns and adjectives must be definite. In the sentences in section
A, the noun-adjective phrases function as i
i...11, and are indefinite. We can, of course, use
definite noun-adjective phrases in sentences by adding a j !..-, which is usually indefinite:
Demonstrative Pronouns in Spoken Arabic
The following words are commonly used demonstratives in ,
...call
and 4 ) -4.1,1 2 :
•--'
�
(also spelled
03) 13 �
3La) , 131A) � 1,1.0z.
43 �
4ist. c
43Lcb
1
0,A-11)
You have heard and used these demonstrative pronouns in sentences like the following
In Levantine Arabic there is an additional short form of the demonstrative pronoun that
is used in definite noun phrases:
tea
. This pronoun has no gender and is pronounced as if
attached to the definite noun it modifies:
these houses
ci *, 9
,,,. ...Ilib
this street
tiLiJlrb
this region
" . 4.sihd,
LS
'There exist other variant forms in both regions but they are all related to these basic forms.
\ • •

Lesson 5 LYJ'
(L.a..42.11 � ji
� Li5 �
154...?. ) 3 :1 • � J -4-3
1. The old
(p.S)
man is tired.
2. Is this test hard?
3. This semester is long!
4. This is an easy class!
5. This is a beautiful letter.
6. This is a cold winter!
7. Cairo is a very large city.
8. The new library is very cold.
9. Is your new friend a student here?
10. The short woman is Saudi and the tall one is Kuwaiti.
11. They remember their difficult childhood.
12. I live on
(j)
this wide street, and overcrowding is a problem.