Face in the direction of the Holy city of Mecca 3 Pray to Allah 5 times daily a

Face in the direction of the Holy city of Mecca 3. Pray to Allah 5 times daily a. At dawn b. Midday c. Mid afternoon d. Sunset e. nightfall Koran (Qur’an) - Muslims believe this is a copy of tablets in Heaven referred to as “Well Preserved Book” Mahr – a “dowry” given to a woman before a man can marry her Muslins conqured western European Spain in 711 The Caliphate – political office created upon Muhammad’s death, at first only friends and family could hold the office, but as Islam spread it too on the role of political dynasty Abbasid Caliphate – ruled Islam from the capital of Baghdad from 750-1258 at which it reached it’s peak, also marked the great advances in scholarship and architecture Saladin Caliphate – captured Jerusalem in 1187 and ending the Christian Crusaders (chivalrous knight, to which an epic poem is written) “ Sunni” Islam – most of the Islam world is 90% - base practice on the word of the Koran, guard of Islamic orthodoxy and tradition “ Shia” Islam (also known as Shiite) - most in Iran, but also in Iraq, Azerbaijan, and Bahrain - Shia (Shiites) split from mainstream Islam- believe in divinely inspired figures called “imams” and the coming of a messiah figure who will lead the world into an era of justice Shia (Shiites believe Muhammad named Ali his cousin and son-in-law as his successor Muslim Hadith – literature found outside the Scripture often used by scholars to clarify legal questions, there are thousands of Hadith Bahai – branch of Shiite Islam- teaches that all religions come from the same source and that ll the prophets received partial messages from God Sufi Movement “meaning wool” – reference to garments commonly worn by Sufi mystics as a sign of poverty – movement sought a mystical union with God thru simple austere life – leaders advocate emotional and mystical experiences Sufi’s were Mystics – consuming interest was union with God now rather than after death Al-Ghazali – attempted to unite the legalistic and mystical schools of Islam Wahhabi movement – opposed all forms of change and attempted to suppress the Sufi’s and other groups - attracted attention of Taliban and sheltered Osama bin Laden Muslin Brotherhood formed in Egypt in 1928, rejected Islamic socialism promoted the full Islamic law – banned in 1954 – after an unsuccessful assassination attempt Muharram – Muslim New Year - traditionally the month of Muhammad’s Hijrah Jihad- “holy war” most controversial religious practices (since 9/11), Islam leaders encourage acts of terrorism

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Islamic Fundamentalism – arose in 1960-1970 grew in attempt to return to old ways and traditions of historic Islamic culture Iranian Revolution of 1979 – the overthrow of the Shah and the formation of an Islamic state under leader cleric Ayatollah Khomeini Islam • Muhammad's age seeking religious truth? 40 • Know what Allah means - God • What influenced the Taliban and Osama-bin-Ladan? Wahhabism • Muhammad' first introduction to old and new testaments when and how? Cave of Mount Hira, before 40, before