Face in the direction of the Holy city of Mecca
3.
Pray to Allah 5 times daily
a.
At dawn
b.
Midday
c.
Mid afternoon
d.
Sunset
e.
nightfall
Koran (Qur’an)
- Muslims believe this is a copy of tablets in Heaven referred to as “Well Preserved Book”
Mahr – a “dowry” given to a woman before a man can marry her
Muslins conqured western European Spain in 711
The Caliphate – political office created upon Muhammad’s death, at first only friends and family could hold the
office, but as Islam spread it too on the role of political dynasty
Abbasid Caliphate – ruled Islam from the capital of Baghdad from 750-1258 at which it reached it’s peak, also
marked the great advances in scholarship and architecture
Saladin Caliphate – captured Jerusalem in 1187 and ending the Christian Crusaders (chivalrous knight, to which
an epic poem is written)
“
Sunni” Islam – most of the Islam world is 90% - base practice on the word of the Koran, guard of Islamic
orthodoxy and tradition
“
Shia” Islam (also known as Shiite)
- most in Iran, but also in Iraq, Azerbaijan, and Bahrain
-
Shia (Shiites) split from mainstream Islam- believe in divinely inspired figures called “imams” and the coming
of a messiah figure who will lead the world into an era of justice
Shia (Shiites believe Muhammad named Ali his cousin and son-in-law as his successor
Muslim Hadith – literature found outside the Scripture often used by scholars to clarify legal questions, there
are thousands of Hadith
Bahai – branch of Shiite Islam- teaches that all religions come from the same source and that ll the prophets
received partial messages from God
Sufi Movement
“meaning wool” – reference to garments commonly worn by Sufi mystics as a sign of poverty
– movement sought a mystical union with God thru simple austere life – leaders advocate emotional and
mystical experiences
Sufi’s were Mystics – consuming interest was union with God now rather than after death
Al-Ghazali – attempted to unite the legalistic and mystical schools of Islam
Wahhabi movement – opposed all forms of change and attempted to suppress the Sufi’s and other groups
-
attracted attention of Taliban and sheltered Osama bin Laden
Muslin Brotherhood formed in Egypt in 1928, rejected Islamic socialism promoted the full Islamic law –
banned in 1954 – after an unsuccessful assassination attempt
Muharram – Muslim New Year
- traditionally the month of Muhammad’s Hijrah
Jihad- “holy war” most controversial religious practices (since 9/11), Islam leaders encourage acts of terrorism
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Islamic Fundamentalism – arose in 1960-1970 grew in attempt to return to old ways and traditions of historic
Islamic culture
Iranian Revolution of 1979 – the overthrow of the Shah and the formation of an Islamic state under leader cleric
Ayatollah Khomeini
Islam
•
Muhammad's age seeking religious truth? 40
•
Know what Allah means - God
•
What influenced the Taliban and Osama-bin-Ladan? Wahhabism
•
Muhammad' first introduction to old and new testaments when and how? Cave of Mount Hira, before 40, before

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- Winter '12
- None
- Buddhism, Judaism, Pure Land Buddhism, Japanese Zen Buddhism
-
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