social capital Sociologist Erving Goffman’s term __________ refers to the ways in which an individual shows awareness that another is present without making this person the object of particular attention. civil inattention __________ include our family, close friends, and Primary groups

school- or work-related peer groups. Some symbolic interaction theorists believe that there is very little shared reality beyond that which is socially created. They refer to this as the __________, which is the process by which our perception of reality is largely shaped by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience. social construction of reality Which of these statements about social networks is false? Social networks work equally well for people of all social classes. A former business manager is between jobs and takes a job at a local retail store in order to make ends meet. In that position, she frequently talks about her previous work and her plans for the future. She doesn’t want people to view her as a “clerk.” Her behavior is an example of __________. role distancing A(n) __________ status is a social position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life, based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control, such as race/ethnicity, age, and gender. ascribed __________ theorists maintain that in capitalistic societies, where a few people control the labor of many, the social structure reflects a system of relationships of domination and subordination. Conflict __________ refers to the conscious fostering of the impression of a lack of commitment or attachment to a particular role. It is clear one merely goes through the motions of role performance. Role distancing Durkheim used the term __________ to refer to the social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds. mechanical solidarity What do most men consider to be their master status? occupation Marital inequality, conflict over parenting responsibilities, unclear expectations, and lack of emotional support may contribute to __________ for both men and women. role strain

__________ emphasize the role of social institutions in accomplishing essential tasks for society. Functionalists The concept of __________ refers to the social cohesion found in industrial societies, in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence. organic solidarity Sociologist Erving Goffman noted that people consciously participate in __________, a face- saving technique in which one role player ignores the flaws in another’s performance to avoid embarrassment for everyone involved. studied nonobservance Jane defines herself first and foremost as a student. For Jane, being a student is considered her _________ status. master Regardless of a person’s other characteristics, which of these is most likely to become a stigmatized master status?