Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Nursing Considerations for Xanthines
•
Assessment: History and Physical Exam
•
Nursing Diagnosis
•
Implementation
•
Evaluation
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Sympathomimetics
•
Albuterol (Proventil, …)
•
Epinephrine (EpiPen)
•
Formoterol (Foradil)
•
Isoetharine (generic)
•
Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
•
Pirbuterol (Maxair)
•
Salmeterol (Serevent)
•
Terbutaline (Brethaire
, …)
Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Sympathomimetics (cont.)
•
Actions
–
Beta
2
selective adrenergic agonists
•
Indications
–
Acute asthma attack
–
Bronchospasm in acute or chronic asthma
–
Prevention of exercise-induced asthma
•
Pharmacokinetics
–
Rapidly distributed after injection, transformed in the liver to
metabolites that are excreted in the urine
•
Contraindications
–
Depends on the severity of the underlying condition
Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Sympathomimetics (cont.)
•
Adverse Effects
–
Sympathomimetic stimulation
–
CNS stimulation
–
GI upset, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension,
bronchospasm, sweating, pallor, and flushing
•
Drug-to-Drug Interactions
–
General anesthetics: cyclopropane & halogenated
hydrocarbons
–
these drugs sensitive the
myocardium to catecholamines
Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Prototype Sympathomimetics
Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Prototype Sympathomimetics (Continued)
Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Nursing Considerations for
Sympathomimetics
•
Assessment: History and Physical Exam
•
Nursing Diagnosis
•
Implementation
•
Evaluation
Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Anticholinergic
•
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
•
Tiotropium (Spiriva)
Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Anticholinergic (cont.)
•
Actions
–
Anticholinergic that blocks vagally mediated reflexes
by antagonizing the action of acetylcholine
•
Indications
–
Maintenance & treatment of bronchospasm
associated with COPD
•
Pharmacokinetics
–
Inhalation
–
varies depending on the drug
Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Prototype Anticholinergics
Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Nursing Considerations for Anticholinergic
Bronchodilator
•
Assessment: History and Physical Exam
•
Nursing Diagnosis
•
Implementation
•
Evaluation
