What we just viewed was a cell dealing with incoming materials phagocytosis

What we just viewed was a cell dealing with incoming

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•What we just viewed was a cell dealing with “incoming” materials: phagocytosis. Endomembrane System at Work •What about materials that are produced in the cells that either stick around or are “outgoing”?
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Endomembrane System at Work mRNA in cytoplasm ER Signal sequence? Ribosome remains free in cytoplasm Trans-membrane? Goes back ER Lysosome“zip code” signal sequence? mRNA Binds Ribosomes Translation starts
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Endomembrane Pathway
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Peroxisomes • Oxidizing enzymes • Detoxification • Byproducts – H2O2 – Hazardous to cell – H20 + H2 Large protein crystal
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Mitochondria • Produces ATP • Double membrane • Contains a separate, circular chromosome and its own ribosomes. • Reproduce separately from cell division. ATP
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Chloroplasts • Photosynthesis • Double membrane • Membranous sacks called thylakoids • Separate circular chromosome
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Mitochondria & Chloroplasts: Organelles or Something Else? • 2 membranes • Possess their own DNA – Respiration and photosynthesis • Undergo binary fission to “reproduce” • What type of organism does this sound like? • Endosymbiotic Theory of Cell Evolution
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Endosymbiotic Theory
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Cell Wall • Plants and Fungi • Added structure • Prevents dehydration
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Plant Vacuoles • Plants lack lysosomes. • Can take up 80% of the cell’s volume. • Water storage • Enzymes as well.
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Cytoskeleton
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Cytoskeleton Fibers: 3 Main Types • Microfilaments • Intermediate Filaments • Microtubules
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Cytoskeleton Fibers • Microfilaments – Actin subunits (protein) – Cell division • Cleavage furrow formation – Involved in muscle contraction – Cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells.
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Cytoskeleton Fibers • Intermediate Filaments – Supercoiled keratin proteins – Anchors nucleus in the cell
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