“Th,” “b”
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No distinction between
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[r] and [i] in japanese ‘light’ and ‘grass’ may sound like ‘right’
and ‘glass’
●
[s] in German (peas/peace)
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Words of language
○
Semantics
■
Sounds and meaning
○
Morpheme
■
Building blocks of words
■
Smallest part of word
■
Free (boy) v. bound (ish)
●
Sentences
○
Syntactics
○
We must know rules to use sentences
■
E.g. “he decided on the train”
Communication is a social enterprise
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Meaning
○
Denotative: literal
○
Connotative: what is meant
■
“The sheep followed their leader off a cliff”
●
Literal sense: sheep are actually following each other off a
cliff
●
Connotative: leader of a company making poor decisions so
the employees are the sheep and not doing anything about
their leader potentially harming the company
●
Social context of language
○
Pragmatics
■
What is said is not what it is always meant
■
You need the context to help you interpret
○
Must know intent for success speech
●
Context matters
○
Coordinated management of meaning
■
Levels
●
Act
○
Locutionary: utterance
○
Illocutionary: motive behind utterance
●
“So, what’s your 9-5?”
○
locutionary : utterance
■
Want to know what you do for a living
○
Illocutionary: you’re my type, i’m lonely, buy me a drink
■
What is the motive for why this is being said
●
Get behind the motive and they aren’t matching what they
mean and what they said
●
Like the trash pick up line. What they said and what they
meant are different
●
When maxims get violated
○
Sends indirect message
●
If someone asks a question and we respond but it is not a
solid answer so they have to interpret what you meant
■
Indirect reply may be worse than the direct reply
○
EXAMPLE: What is the best response
■
“Do these pants make my rear end look big?”
●
No
●
Yes, but it takes the focus off of your face
●
I wonder who won the cubs game?
○
You are violating maxims response because you are
responding with an answer that doesn’t make sense
●
Class activity; Write down 5 things that complete this sentence about you
■
Called self-task
○
I am
■
a woman
■
latinx
■
leader
■
student
○
The first 5 are the most relevant to you as a person
○
When you think of yourself you think of these terms
■
Most common
●
Relational (daughter, sister)
●
Career (student, mechanic)
●
Trait (tall, short)
In class example
●
Prince Bride
○
danny : spends most movie looking for someone and prior to this spent
two years of his life looking for someone
○
Father killed by 6 fingered man (20 years of life) and goes looking for him
for 20 years
○
Finds this man and once he kills him and that is met. He is a completely
different person and nothing to live for
■
Who you are as a person has been changed because of what you
have experiences
●
“Never forget what you are. The rest of the world will not. Wear it like armour,
and it can never be used to hurt you.”
Communication and social identity
●
Part of every encounter
●
Communication shapes the identity we have
●
Identity
○
Developed through communication
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