Answer fish oil historically cod liver oil was given

Answer: Fish Oil (Historically, cod liver oil was given to children to prevent rickets. One teaspoon of cod liver oil
provides approximately 427 IU of Vitamin D.)
What is the English translation of Pellagra?
Answer: Rough Skin (In Italian vernacular, pellagra means "skin that is rough". It refers to one of the main
symptoms of the disease which is dermatitis.)
Video 4
- 1940s
o Nutritional Establishment set up RDA
 Recommended Daily Allowances
 Amount of each vitamin to prevent deficiencies
o To prevent scurvy, RDA of ascorbic acid (C) is 90 mg
o Thiamine (B1) is 1.2 mg
o Niacin (B3) is 16 mg
o Vitamin B12 is 2.5 mcg
 Amounts are very small
o Not the same as proteins, carbohydrates, etc.
 These recommendations are in g
- Vitamin B2 structure classifies it as an amine
o “Vital Amines” – Casimir Funk
 Later made the word vitamins
- Vitamin C is not an amine
o But term above stuck
- Can we get every necessary vitamin and in recommended amount with a well-balanced diet?
o Do I get all the vitamins I need?
 The Vitamin Book
 Vitamin content of different types of food
 Vitamin supplements or multi-vitamins
 Amount in these pills are roughly in the range of RDA
 Vitamin Formulation
 B + C for stress
- Certain lifestyle or medication will lower level of certain vitamin
o Contraceptive Pill
 Decrease level of vitamin B level
o Laxative
 Decrease in fat soluble vitamins

 A & D
o “If you are taking a multi-vitamin supplement there is no reason to stop but if you are not taking
one there is no reason to start…” – Paul Coates (National Institute of Health)
 Take for some form of insurance
- Certain condition where more of one form of vitamin is beneficial
o Niacin (Vitamin B3)
 20 mg for Pellagra
 2000 mg for cholesterol lowering
 Only under doctor’s recommendation
o Folic Acid
 200 mcg for Anemia
 800 mcg for Neural Tube Defect aka “Spina Bifida”
 Condition which will develop in first few months of pregnancy/development
o Before a woman may find out she is pregnant
 Thus, flour is now reinforced with folic acid
o Alzheimer?
 Some B vitamins may be helpful in prevention
 School Sisters of Notre Dame
o Carrying out a study to see if folic acid could prevent Alzheimer’s
Disease
 People with AD could only find out the disease after death
 Thus, School Sisters of Notre Dame have agreed to donate their brains to
research to see if a diet rich in folic acid could prevent AD
o Heart Disease?
 NOT REALLY for B vitamins (Folic Acid)
 Thought were helpful with heart disease
o Put forward on epidemiological studies, but are not confirmed by clinical trials
 Happens very often
o Thought of B vitamins being helpful in aging
 B6 helpful in prevention of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
 Repetitive stress syndrome for people on the computer all the time
 Both were found to not be the case
Activity 5: Consuming Vitamins
Vitamins are micronutrients because the quantities needed to maintain health are measured in grams.