natural selection The environment affects life history traits by influencing

Natural selection the environment affects life

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natural selection The environment affects life history traits by influencing energy budgets: Maximizing reproductive success involves trade- offs due to
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© 2019 Trade-offs arise from limits in energy budgets If 2 life-history traits compete for a share of limited resources, then it's impossible to maximize both traits simultaneously – any gains by one trait will result in a loss by the other Fitness Seed # Seed size Seed size Seed #
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© 2019 Growth • Indeterminate Growth • Determinate Growth
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© 2019 Reproduction • Asexual reproduction produces clones – – • Sexual reproduction produces recombinants – –
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© 2019 Life History Traits • Life history traits are hugely variable – Growth rate – Parental investment – Number of offspring (fecundity) – Frequency of reproduction – Age of maturity – Size at maturity – Size of offspring – Longevity/life expectancy (mortality rate)
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© 2019 A Tradeoff Between Reproduction and Growth -Warner (1984; Evolution 38:148)
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© 2019 Beamish, R.J. 1973. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 30:607-616 Growth & reproduction in white suckers • Indeterminate growth • Growth slows at maturity 3-5 y
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© 2019 How Much Parental Investment Should a Parent Provide Each Offspring? How Many Offspring Should Be Produced? Orchid Coco-de-mer Elephant Mouse
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© 2019 A Tradeoff Between Parental Care and Survival of Offspring European Magpie ( Pica pica ) -Hogstedt (1980; Science 4474:1148) normal 0
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© 2019 Ghalambor & Martin. 2001. Science 292:494- 497 A Tradeoff Between Reproduction and Survival of Parent N = 118 species
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© 2019 A Tradeoff Between Reproduction and Survival of Parent -Clutton-Brock et al. (1982; Red deer: Behavior & ecology of two sexes; pg. 77) =female = with fawns = no fawns Mortality rates of female red deer ( Cervus elaphus )
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© 2019 Semelparity An individual breeds only once
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  • Spring '14
  • Production , Reid, Topic 11
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