Good for jobs that require bargaining skills eg labor negotiation or that offer

Narcissism (Self-Centeredness) & OB

Psychopathy

Note about Personality Test •Why not Enneagram (±²³´) or othertests from magazines/websites? 32

Outline – Personality & Values Personality Tests & OB Big 5/MBTI/Dark Triad Values & OB 33 Case Study: Ming’s Ethical Dilemma

34 Values in the Workplace • Guide our judgment and preferences • Define right or wrong, good or bad (in our eyes) • Espoused vs. Enacted values • Espoused Values : the values we say we use and often think we use; our ideal. • Enacted Values : the values we actually rely on to guide our decisions and actions; value-in-use.

±² ³´µ¶·¸³ ¹º »µ¸¼³ ½¾¿À³¶ Family Financial Independence Status Justice Trust Happiness Wealth Responsibility Love Health Freedom Equality Customs Excitement Honesty Peace Leisure Friendship Knowledge

±²³´µ´³¶·¸´¹º µ»¼¹¶¹ ½¾¸¸»¿À´µ´¹º The degree to which people prefer to act as individuals versus as members of groups Individualism Collectivism Personal freedom, self- sufficiency, control, private space Group membership, group interest Independence, personal uniqueness Duty to groups, group harmony

±²³´µ ¶·¸¹º»¼´ The degree to which people accept an unequal distribution of power in society High Power Distance Low Power Distance Accept and value unequal power Expect relatively equal power sharing Value obedience to authority, comfortable receiving commands from superiors Value consultation, view hierarchical relationship as interdependent

Sample Countries/Regions Country/region Power Distance Individualism Achievement/ Nurturing Uncertainty Avoidance Mainland China High Low Moderate Moderate Hong Kong High Moderate High Low France High High Moderate High Indonesia High Low Moderate Low Japan Moderate Low High High Mexico High Low High High U.S. Low High High Low High=top third; moderate=medium third; low=bottom third (among 53 countries)