Humanistic psychology
emphasizes the inner-self and the importance of subjective feelings
•
Cognitive psychology
focuses on mental function and reasoning
•
Psychobiology
views behavior as reflecting brain processes
•
Evolutionary psychology
asserts that certain behavioral characteristics are subject to natural
selection
•
Cultural psychology
examines the influence of culture and ethnic practice on people’s behavior
•
?(
or
a
pointing
finger)
Activity to pause and reflect
1.
How would we explain the addiction behaviour based on any three
of the above views of psychology?
2.
Identify
any
abnormal
behaviour
among
humans
in
your
community or other communities and explain how we can easily
explain such behaviour using any of the above psychological views
e. Main Areas of Psychology:
•
Clinical –
psychotherapy, assessment, diagnosis
•
Developmental –
how do we develop across life?
•
Social –
how do people behave in groups?
•
Biopsychology –
what is the brain basis of behaviour?
•
Cognitive –
how do we think and perceive?
•
Personality –
what basic traits make up a
person’s personality?

HSMU 127 MANAGEMENT PSYCHOLOGY BY DR. NYAVANGA
Page 5
f. Main Careers in Psychology:
•
Clinical work – e.g., psychotherapist*^
•
Academic – e.g., professor/researcher*
•
Business – e.g., industrial psychologist*^
•
Journalism – e.g., science writer*
•
Technology – e.g., software developer
g. Is Psychology a science or common sense?
Science
Common Sense
Objective data collection
Subjective data collection
Systematic observation
Hit or miss observation
Reliance on evidence
Ignores counterevidence
Science uses the following scientific methods thus:Systematic, Testable, Reliable, Unbiased,
and is Self-
Correcting.
i. Scientific Terminology:
•
Hypothesis
- a possible way things could be
•
Theory
- an explanation for the way things are, usually supported by a lot of data.
•
Advantages of science
:
o
Scientific methods are
deductive
o
Science is more
systematic
, and less subject to human bias
2.0 Research in Psychology:
•
Two forms of psychological research:
o
Basic research
seeks answers for the purpose of increasing knowledge.
§
e.g. What role do the frontal lobes play in memory?
o
Applied research
seeks answers for specific problems.

HSMU 127 MANAGEMENT PSYCHOLOGY BY DR. NYAVANGA
Page 6
§
e.g. What types of memory strategies and rehabilitation strategies are most effective
for people with frontal lobe injuries?
a. Scientific Methods:
b. The Experiment:
•
An experiment involves a
set of controlled conditions
that aim to confirm a hypothesis.
•
Hypothesis
refers to a statement of cause and effect:
o
“Higher environmental temperatures lead to more aggression.”
o
“Exposure to marijuana increases appetite.”
i. Experimental Variables:
To test a hypothesis,
an experimenter defines the variables of the hypothesis:
•
Cause: Independent variable (IV)
–
marijuana:
plain cigarette versus cigarette containing 5 mg of THC (the active ingredient in
marijuana
)
•
Effect: Dependent variable (DV)

HSMU 127 MANAGEMENT PSYCHOLOGY BY DR. NYAVANGA
Page 7
–
appetite:


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