Duck Tales & Beyonce ■ Ways cultural objects are socially produced ● Only possible when video-editing and sound-editing becomes ubiquitous ● Some Things We Know ○ Queer cultures are historically produced ■ Set of socio-historical forces that create social and material infrastructure that ultimately creates the potential for queer cultures to emerge ○ Bars and bathhouses have been/are particularly important institutions for maintaining queer cultures ● Group work 1 ○ Given what we know about culture from a sociological perspective, why might bars and bathhouses be particularly important historical institutions in the (re)production of queer cultures? ■ IRCs ● Insider/outsider ● Collective effervescent high ● Shared common activity/mood/emotional experience ■ Urbanization ■ Bathhouses = social networking opportunity ● Cultural repertoire: thinking in terms of cultural resource ● Participation gives people access to new ways of imagining their bodies and acting ● Bars & Bathhouses

○ Spaces for interactive groups to create and share idiocultures ○ Places in which IRCs can occur ○ In addition to doing these things & providing spaces for sexual capital/habitus to flourish, gay bars & bathhouses are bounded sites for the production of queer normativities ■ Bounded = physical & social boundaries in which queer normativities emerge ● Normativity ○ The often unconscious and invisible ideas and practices that make a given identity or sensibility appear “natural” and right ○ Ex: Heteronormativity in organizations ■ 1) Manifests either in the corporate closet, spaces where sexual minorities (people who fall outside of the gender binary division) feel like there will be consequences or cannot move up the corporate ladder ● Where queerness is marginalized/silenced or penalized ■ 2) “Gay - friendly” workplaces ● Where queerness is celebrated but tokenized and exotified ● Becoming increasingly common ● Training for employees about queer politics ● Policies in place that ensure that queer people are protected ● Openly queer people working in these places ● Pressure for queer identified people to represent good things & not to fall into stereotypes ● EX: Women in the upper echelons are tokenized ○ Few ways that heteronormativity can be reproduced or sustained ■ Benefits policies ● EX: For a long time, companies did not cover same-sex couples ■ Ritualized celebration of heterosexual norms ● EX: Co-workers put up pics of heteronormative families ■ Informal joking, gossip, and flirtation ■ Division of labor that reinforces gender and sexual stereotypes ■ i.e. Last three are largely culturally sustained ● Meaning heteronormative is culturally sustained ● It's not overt homophobia persay, but can reproduce cis/heteronormative identities ○ Applying this to queerness...