External surface of the plasma membrane what is the

external surface of the plasma membrane . What is the definition of diffusion? Of osmosis? How
is facilitated diffusion different from diffusion? Know and understand what is meant by tonicity,
hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic, turgid, flaccid, plasmolysis, plasmolyzed, crenation, crenated,
hemolysis, hemolyzed. Know and understand the conditions under which each of these would
occur in plant and animal cells. You may also have questions concerning the movement of
solutes and solvent across a selectively (differentially) permeable membrane. What are ion
pumps? What is membrane potential and how can they be used? What are the three stages of cell
signaling? What are protein kinases and phosphatases? What are ligands? Signaling molecule
that binds to another molecule. Know the modes of action of G protein signal receptors. G
protein is a type of cell signaling process. What is signal transduction, how does it work, what is
its purpose? The purpose is to get a cellular response. Where are cellular signal receptors located?
In the cellular membrane. What are the steps of the phosphorylation cascade model?
CHAPTER 6
Know and understand the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics.