21 • Horticulture• Omamentals are cultivated on raised or cambered beds. Some, such as orchidsand anthuriums, need to be in shaded humid conditions.• The harvesting and post-harvest treatment of ornamentals is managed toconform to the requirements of the market.• Most horticultural produce is harvested manually and techniques do not differfrom those used by farmers on small farms.• Special types of grass are used for the establishment of lawns and landscapedareas.• Grass seed may be sown on a prepared seed bed, but lawns can be establishedusing sod, sprigs or plugs.• The grass needs to be watered regularly, fertiliser applied and pests and weedscontrolled.• Mowing can be started when grass has reached 5 cm in height and should becarried out regularly.1101Horticulture involves the cultivation of small plots rather than largefields; there is a greater variety of crops with ornamental crops as well asvegetable crops grown.1102 Floriculture is the cultivation and marketing of flowers.1103 Two from:Aloe vera,Mexican tea(Chenopodium ambrosioides)and peppers(Capsicum).Accept any others that are local.1104 To provide shade for the livestock so that they are not exposed to directheat from the sun.1105 Leaf-cutting ants, aphids and black bees.1106Citruscrops are propagated by budding.1107 Fruits are dipped in hot water and fungicide to prevent rotting duringstorage, then graded and packed into crates. They are stored in a coolplace.IT08 Mango trees have a dense canopy of leaves which provides shade fromthe sun.1109Avocados are usually propagated by grafting because they take a longtime to grow from seed and produce fruit. Also suitable varieties can bechosen so that quality and quantity can be maintained.11010Fruits are picked when mature but still hard and green. After harvest,they are kept cool but will ripen in a few days if exposed to roomtemperatures.11011Bananas are propagated by means of suckers.11012A polythene bag is placed around developing fruits to protect them frominjury.11013Golden apple trees are tall trees. If a dwarfing rootstock is used, the heightof the tree is reduced and cultivation is easier. It is easier to pick the fruitand pest control treatments are more easily applied.11014Most ornamentals are propagated by offshoots or cuttings.11015 Ornamentals are used in bouquets, floral arrangements and in flowerbeds in parks and gardens.11016The manual equipment for harvesting horticultural produce shouldinclude knives, machetes, cutlass, spade, fork, secateurs, baskets andcrates.
