Distribution:EyeFunctions:Transmits visual data to brainSpecial:The optic nerve is not, technically, a nerve; it is a tract of white matter extending from the brainto the retina of the eye, which is also developmentally a part of the brain.III. Oculomotor Nerve (motor only)Exits cranium through:Superior orbital fissureDistribution:Most extrinsic eye muscles; ciliary muscle; muscles of irisFunctions:Moves eyeball; accommodates lens; constricts pupil; controls eyelidIV. Trochlear Nerve (motor only)Exits cranium through:Superior orbital fissureDistribution:Superior oblique muscle of eyeFunctions:Angular movement of eyeballV. Trigeminal Nerve (sensory and motor)- three branches1.Ophthalmic branchExits cranium through:Superior orbital fissureDistribution:EyeFunctions:Cutaneous sensation to eyeball, initiates blinking reflex2.Maxillary branchExits cranium through:Foramen rotundumDistribution:MaxillaFunctions:Cutaneous sensation to maxillary region, upper lip, lateral nose, conjunctiva, lowereyelid, maxillary teeth, and cheek152
3. Mandibular branchExits cranium through:Foramen ovaleDistribution:Mandible, temporomandibular joint, muscles of mastication andswallowing, tensor tympaniFunctions:Cutaneous sensation to mandible, lower lip, mandibular teeth, oral mucosa, andtemporomandibular joint; controls muscles of mastication, contributes to swallowing anddampening of soundVI. Abducens Nerve (motor only)- also calledAbducent nerveExits cranium through:Superior orbital fissureDistribution:Lateral rectus muscle of eyeFunctions:Moves eyeball laterallyVII. Facial Nerve (sensory and motor)Exits cranium through:Stylomastoid foramenDistribution:Anterior 2/3 of tongue; salivary and lacrimal glands; muscles of face, scalp, and neckFunctions:Facial expression, secretion of tears and saliva, gustation, closing eyes, facial sensation,kissing, licking, whistling, sucking, moving lips to speakVIII. Vestibulocochlear Nerve (sensory only)Exits cranium through:Internal auditory meatusDistribution:Semicircular canals and cochlea of earFunctions:Transmits data from senses of hearing and equilibrium to brainIX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve (sensory and motor)Exits cranium through:Jugular foramenDistribution:Posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharyngeal muscles, parotid glandFunctions:Speech, salivation, swallowing, gustationX. Vagus Nerve (sensory and motor)Exits cranium through:Jugular foramenDistribution:Epiglottis, pharyngeal muscles, smooth muscles of thorax and GI tract, cardiac muscle, GIglands; only cranial nerve with distribution inferior to neckFunctions:Gustatory and somatic sensation from pharynx and epiglottis, swallowing, coughing, voiceproduction, gagging, smooth muscles actions of GI tract, secretions of GI glands, slowing heart rateXI. Accessory Nerve (motor only)- two branchesExits cranium through:Jugular foramenDistribution:Cranial branch: muscles of pharynx, larynx, and soft palateSpinal branch: Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius musclesFunctions:Cranial branch: SwallowingSpinal branch: Movement of head and shouldersXII. Hypoglossal Nerve (motor only)Exits cranium through:Hypoglossal canalDistribution:Muscles of tongueFunctions:Speech, swallowing, movement of tongue153
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Term
Spring
Professor
HECKT
Tags
muscles
