4.Describe the structure and functions of cytoplasm, its cytosol, and the organelles listedbelow.
secretory vesicles, chromosomes during cell division and of specialized cell
projections such as cilia and flagella.
D.
Organelles – specialized structures within the cell that have characteristic shapes
and they perform specific functions in cellular growth, maintenance and
reproduction.
I.
Centrosome – located near the nucleus and consists of two components: a
pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material. They replicate during cell
division so that succeeding generations of cells have the capacity for cell
division
a.
Centriole – cylindrical structures which are composed of nine
clusters of three microtubules arranged in a circular pattern.
b.
pericentriolar material – surrounds the centrioles and contains
tubulins that build microtubules in non-dividing cells; also forms
mitotic spindle during cell division.
c.
Tubulin – these are the organizing centers for growth of the mitotic
spindle which plays a critical role in cell division and for
microtubule formation in nondividing cells.
II.
cilium (plural is cilia) – numerous, short, hair-like projections that extend
from the surface of the cell. They help move fluids along a cell’s surface.
i.e. cells in respiratory tract have hundreds of cilia that sweep away
