Activity has also been shown to hinder learning

§ Activity has also been shown to hinder learning; interfering activity tends to be cognitive
§ Only one experiment has demonstrated beneficial learning effects
· Optimal frequency for giving augmented feedback is not 100%
o Although a reduced frequency of augmented feedback can benefit motor skill learning, it
may not benefit the learning of all motor skills
o An optimal relative frequency appears to be specific to the skill being learned
o When people receive augmented feedback after every trial, they eventually experience an
attention-capacity overload
o After seven trails, there cumulative effect is that there is more information available than the
person can handle
o A more likely possibility is that giving augmented feedback on every trial leads to engaging
the learner in fundamentally different type of learning processing than he or she would
experience if it were not given on every trial
o Guidance Hypothesis: a hypothesis indicating that the role of augmented feedback in
learning is to guide performance to be correct during practice; however, if it is provided too
frequently, it can cause the learner to develop a dependency on its availability and therefore to
perform poorly when it is not available
§ Receiving augmented feedback less frequently during practice encourages the learner to
engage in more beneficial learning strategies during practice
· Performance based bandwidth technique reduces augmented feedback frequency, which
is an important reason why the technique enhances learning
· The bandwidth technique provides a useful means of individualizing the systematic
reduction of the frequency of augmented feedback in practice situations
· Another technique that bases the frequency of augmented feedback on the individual
involves the learner receiving augmented feedback only when he or she asks for it (self-selected
frequency)
o Learning is enhanced when learners can select when they want augmented feedback
§ The use of augmented feedback in this way allows beginners to engage in their own problem
solving strategies as they learn the skill
§ These results provide excellent evidence that learners use augmented feedback as a source
of motivation to continue to practice
· Another way to reduce the frequency of augmented feedback presentations is to give
a listing of performance related information after a certain number of practice trials (summary
augmented feedback)
o Reduces the presentation frequency of augmented feedback while providing the same
amount of information as if it were given after every trial
o Numerous studies have provided evidence supporting the benefit of the summary
technique for motor skill learning
o Positive effects of the summary technique are not due to the number of trials summarized,

but that it is related to either the reduced frequency of presenting augmented feedback or to the
trials delay involved in presenting augmented feedback using summary technique
Motor Learning Third Exam