False 30 the primary reason to use a transfer test to

False
30. The primary reason to use a transfer test to assess learning is to evaluate which of the following
performance characteristics associated with the learning of a motor skill?
Adaptability
32. According to Fitts and Posner, the learner moves through three stages when learning a motor skill.
These are the cognitive, the associative, and the
autonomous.
33. Gentile’s learning stages model indicates that in the first stage of learning, the learner must learn to
discriminate between which two types of environmental context conditions ?
34. Gentile’s learning stages model indicates that in the second stage of learning, one goal of the
learner is related specifically to closed skills. This goal is called
fixation.
35. When a person who is learning handwriting moves the three arm segments as if two of the
segments were one, this person demonstrates an early learning characteristic known as
freezing degrees of freedom.
36. Performing a skill with a minimum expenditure of energy is usually associated with which stage of
learning?
37. The brain areas that are active during the early stage of learning are typically
not the same as the areas active in the later stages of learning.

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38. Which of the following is the best definition of the “power law of practice”?
early practice improvements are larger than later practice improvements
39. Which of the following is most characteristic of expert motor skill performers?
know more about the activity than nonexperts
40. The general rule of thumb for predicting positive transfer between two motor skills is that the
degree of positive transfer is related to the
degree of similarity between the parts of the two skills.
41. The transfer-appropriate-processing theory accounts for why positive transfer occurs by stating that
positive transfer is due to the similarity of the
cognitive processes required by two motor skills.
42. The generally accepted view about the direction of bilateral transfer between two limbs is that it is
asymmetric.
43. The amount of bilateral transfer from the preferred to the non-preferred limb is greater than from
the non-preferred to the preferred limb.
True
44. Bilateral transfer can be related to the concept of the generalized motor program (GMP) because
muscle selection in performing a skill is
a parameter of the GMP.
45. One of the reasons for negative transfer is the initial cognitive confusion that occurs when a person
must make a different movement in a familiar environmental context.
True

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Fall 2009 5
PART II: SHORT ANSWER
Answer each question as accurately and concisely as possible. If you need more space, continue on the
back of the page. Each question is worth five points.