what is learned ,and therefore necessary for future performance
§ Enhances skill learning; enhanced relevant features of the task intrinsic feedback that were
difficult to discern without the enhancement
o
Two hypotheses to help us better understand how to predict when concurrent augmented
feedback will have a positive or negative effect on learning
§ Augmented feedback should be considered in terms of its information value, which is related
to the informativeness of the task intrinsic feedback and augmented feedback
· When the information value of task intrinsic feedback is low, but the information value
of augmented feedback is high, concurrent augmented feedback will most likely lead to a
dependency
§ Practicing with augmented feedback will benefit learning to the extent that the feedback
sensitizes the learner to properties or relationships in the task that specify how the system being
learned can be controlled
· For concurrent augmented feedback to be effective, it must facilitate the learning of the
critical characteristics or relationships in the task as specified by the task intrinsic feedback
· Negative learning effects will result when the augmented feedback distracts attention away
from these features but positive learning effects will result when the augmented feedback directs
attention to these features
· Terminal Augmented Feedback: provided after a person has completed the performance
of a skill
o
Effective in almost any skill learning situation
o
KR-delay interval: the interval of time between the completion of a movement and the
presentation of augmented feedback
§ Delaying augmented feedback does NOT have a negative effect
§ Activity during the KR-delay interval found three types of outcomes
· Most common effect of activity on skill learning is that it has no influence on skill learning
· Hinders learning—much less common
· Subjective performance evaluation—benefit learning; one type of activity that has
consistently demonstrated this effect requires the person to evaluate his or her own
performance, or the estimation of specific characteristics of some of the movement related
components of an action
· Trials-delay procedure: participants receive KR for a trial after they complete a
performance on a later trial; delay hinders performance during practice
· The learner is actively engaged in learning processes involving activities such as
developing an understanding of the task intrinsic feedback and establishing essential error
detection capabilities
o
Post-KR interval: the interval of time between the presentation of augmented feedback and
the beginning of the next trial
§ During this period of time that the learner develops a plan of action for the next trial
§ This interval can be too short
§ For optimal learning, a minimal amount of time is needed for the learner to engage in the
learning processes required, but there is no evidence that suggests an optimal length
§ The most common finding has been that activity during the post-KR interval has no effect on
skill learning
