To exemplify how movement problem are solved consider

To exemplify how movement problem are solved, consider our case, Joan, as she
attempts to don a shirt while sitting at the edge of the bed. To be successful, she must
learn how to solve this motor problem with the constraints imposed by her brain injury. A
Systems model of control suggests multiple factors, both internal and external to Joan,
need consideration when she performs this functional movement. Internal factors may
include strength, flexibility, coordination, pain level, motivation, cognition, autonomic
function, and sitting balance at a minimum. External factors may include the type of shirt,
firmness of the bed, the type of floor surface, the availability of assistive devices, and
outside distractions. In order to complete the task of upper body dressing all available
systems must work together to produce a single strategy.
Summary
Systems models
Motor control theories provide a framework to guide the interpretation of how learning or
re-learning movement occurs.
Example:
playing basketball in a rocky place could affects your performance in doing dribbling.
ACTIVITY
-In a form of a quiz (indicate the type of activity)
Republic of the Philippines
Tacloban City

Subject: Principles of Motor Control and Learning, Exercise, Sports and Dance
Topic: Adams Close Loop Theory
Discussant: John Paul T. Ecija and Josephine Ramos
Instructor: Asyhl Ayn V. Amancio
Schedule: WF 10:30-12:00
Objectives:
At the end of the session the students will be able to;
1. Explain Adams Close Loop Theory
2. Learn and understand the levels on how the different skills are controlled by the
brain.
Content
Adams Closed Loop Theory
A cognitive theory of skill acquisition which emphasizes the role played by feedback in
the modification of the performers movements. The theory proposed by J. A. Adams has
two neural components:
 Memory Trace
 Selects and initiates an appropriate response.
 Perceptual Trace
 Acts as a record of the movement made over many practices.
The Open/Close Loop Theory explains how different skills are controlled by the brain.
This is done through three levels.
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
Level 1. OPEN LOOP
 The control does not use feedback.
o No conscious thought is involved in the execution of the skill as the decisions
have already been made in the brain.
o All information is sent in one message to the working muscles.
o Skills cannot be altered during execution.
o Explains control for fast movements where there is a little or no time to react.
o Examples, golf swing and throwing a dart.
Level 2. CLOSE LOOP
 Involves feedback which is sometimes termed the perceptual trace .
o The feedback is internal and gathered through proprioception and kinesthesis.
o The feedback loop is short.
o Control via muscles not brain.
o Skill can be altered by performer during execution as a result of feedback as
decisions are made in the brain during the performance.