Every networking medium requires a specific kind of

device, be it a file server, workstation, switch, or printer. Every networking medium
requires a specific kind of connector. The type of connectors you use will affect the
cost of installing and maintaining the network, the ease of adding new segments or
nodes to the network, and the technical expertise required to maintain the
network.
6) A media converter is a piece of hardware that enables networks or segments
running on different media to interconnect and exchange signals. For example,
suppose a segment leading from your company’s data center to a group of
workstations uses fiber-optic cable, but the workgroup hub can only accept twisted
pair (copper) cable. In that case, you could use a media converter to interconnect
the hub with the fiber-optic cable.
7) Coaxial cable, called “coax” for short, was the foundation for Ethernet networks in
the 1980s and remained a popular transmission medium for many years. Over time,
however, twisted pair and fiber-optic cabling have replaced coax in modern LANs. If
you work on long-established networks or cable systems, however, you might have
to work with coaxial cable. The two coaxial cable types commonly used in networks
today, RG-6 and RG-59 , can terminate with one of two connector types: an F-Type
connector or a BNC connector . F-Type connectors attach to coaxial cable so that
the pin in the center of the connector is the conducting core of the cable. A BNC
connector is crimped, compressed, or twisted onto a coaxial cable. It connects to
another BNC connector via a turning-and-locking mechanism
8) Twisted pair cable consists of color-coded pairs of insulated copper wires, each
with a diameter of 0.4 to 0.8 mm (approximately the diameter of a straight pin).
Every two wires are twisted around each other to form pairs, and all the pairs are
encased in a plastic sheath. A twisted pair cable may contain from 1 to 4200 wire
pairs. Modern networks typically use cables that contain four wire pairs, in which
one pair is dedicated to sending data and another pair is dedicated to receiving
data.
9) STP (shielded twisted pair) cable consists of twisted-wire pairs that are not only
individually insulated, but also surrounded by a shielding made of a metallic
substance such as foil. Some STP use a braided copper shielding. The shielding acts
as a barrier to external electromagnetic forces
10) UTP (unshielded twisted pair) cabling consists of one or more insulated wire pairs
encased in a plastic sheath. As its name implies, UTP does not contain additional