Cater to the patients food and drink preferences

Cater to the patient's food and drink preferences within
the limits of dietary restrictions.
Give antipyretics and use cooling measures to reduce
high fever.
Humidify inhaled air.
Splint chest and abdomen with a pillow during coughing
attacks.
Apply emollient to the lips and nares as needed.
Clear the nostrils as much as possible to prevent mouth
breathing.
Provide for periods of uninterrupted rest.

Protect from and monitor for secondary infections such as
pneumonia, otitis media, and sinusitis, because the
weakened immune system causes greater susceptibility.
SLIDE 8
Pneumonia is classified as community acquired or
hospital acquired.
Viral pneumonia does not produce exudate
It causes interstitial inflammation, and it tends to be less
severe than bacterial pneumonia.
Any respiratory infection in an already debilitated patient
can have severe consequences.
In otherwise healthy individuals, viral pneumonia is
usually a mild, self-limiting illness.
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most
common cause of bacterial pneumonia.
Pathogenic microorganisms are always present in the
upper respiratory tract
Pneumonia can occur when resistance is lowered by some
other factor, such as chronic disease, alcoholism,
debilitation, physical inactivity, or extremes in age
(very young or very old).
Any respiratory infection in an already debilitated patient
can have severe consequences.
In otherwise healthy individuals, viral pneumonia is

usually a mild, self-limiting illness.
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most
common cause of bacterial pneumonia.
Pathogenic microorganisms are always present in the
upper respiratory tract;
Pneumonia can occur when resistance is lowered by some
other factor, such as chronic disease, alcoholism,
debilitation, physical inactivity, or extremes in age
(very young or very old).
SLIDE 17
Deep breathing and use of an incentive spirometer help
to keep the alveoli open and functional.
SLIDE 18 ci-dioido-mycosis
Although classified as a fungal infection, PCP does not
respond to antifungal treatment, and trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) is the preferred therapy.
Fungal infections are diagnosed by history, signs and
symptoms, and positive skin test reaction to the
fungus.
SLIDE 20
The causative organism is the true tubercle
bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Latent TB infection (LTBI) refers to an infection
with Mycobacterium tuberculosis but no current active
disease.

LTBI may develop into active TB if the immune system is
weakened by a serious illness such as HIV, or when the
system is less efficient, as with advanced age.
Tuberculosis is spread through airborne particles that
carry the TB bacilli and are inhaled by a susceptible
individual.
The droplets can remain suspended in the air for several
hours.
Infection most often occurs after prolonged exposure, but
not everyone contracts the disease, even after close and
extensive contact with infected persons.