Which term recognizes that juveniles are influenced

19) Which term recognizes that juveniles are influenced by social opportunities and
structural constraints, and make
personal choices from among the options that they believe they are facing?
A) high - risk behavior B) human agency C) delinquency D) antisocial behavior
Answer: B
20) The three themes in the study of delinquency are delinquency prevention, delinquency
across the life course,
and delinquency and ________.
21) ________ identifies appropriate methods to collect data, helps to identify concepts to be
studied, tests ideas for
their impact on the subject under study, analyzes related concepts, and suggests new
directions for theorizing.
22) Miller v. Alabama (2016) made retroactive the end of life without parole for those
sentenced as juveniles.
23) Adolescence is considered to be the years between ages 11 and 17.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
24) Until child labor laws were actually enforced, children as young as ages four and five
worked in mines, mills,
and factories.
25) High - risk youths typically do not have educational and vocational skill deficits.
3
26) The average American delinquent today is far more likely to commit a serious violent
crime than to commit
petty theft.
27) Status offenses would be defined as criminal if adults committed them.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
28) Juvenile court codes exist in every state. 29) The juvenile court may intervene in cases involving dependency and neglect.

30) The age at which a youthful offender is no longer treated as a juvenile is consistent
across the states.
31) Status offenders frequently come from single - parent homes and often engage in verbal
and physical abuse
directed toward the parent(s).
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
32) The deinstitutionalization of status offenders has received considerable pushback in the
past few decades.
33) Meda Chesney - Lind and Linda Pasko argue that the juvenile justice system
discriminates against girls.
34) Public whippings and expulsion from the community were common punishments for
chronic offenders during
the Reform Agenda era.