Development of o food supply o seed coat o fruit

- Development of
o Food supply
o Seed Coat
o Fruit surrounding Seed
Fruits are Adapted for Dispersal
- Fleshy
- Dry
- Aggregate
- Multiple
Early Growth and Timing
- There are practically as many forms of fruits and seed dispersal as you can imagine
- Most fruits remain hard and sour
Sexual Reproduction
- Genetic recombination
- Ecologically involved
o Insects
o Birds
o Mammals
Asexual Reproduction
- Apomixis (seed production) and diploid embryos
o “Seeds without Sex”
o Asexual, because there’s no fertilization
o Formation of embryo without fertilization
 Typically increases number of seeds produced
o Dandelions
- Vegetative reproduction
 Fast
 Energetically efficient
 Clonal Spread
o Runners/ stolons: horizontal
o Fragmentation
o Tubers: Modified stem for storage, potato eyes are new rhizomes
o Corms/bulbs
o Plantlets: Somatic embryogenesis
 Basic growth cells
o Rhizomes: Horizontal underground stem
o Suckers: root sprouts that give rise to new plants

 From base of plant stem or roots
o Adventitious plantlets
o Protoplast Regeneration
 Taking tissue and stimulating it in the lab