It leads to dehydration and weight loss starvation is

- It leads to dehydration and weight loss.
- Starvation is a form of this disorder.
7. Amino acids relationship in metabolism:
a. Sickle cell
- Is a group of disorders that affects hemoglobin, the molecule in red
blood cells that delivers oxygen to cells throughout the body.

- People with this disorder have atypical hemoglobin molecules called
hemoglobin S, which can distort red blood cells into sickle, or
crescent, shape.
b. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- It is an inherited disorder that increases that levels of substance
called phenylalanine in the blood.

1. What is Lipids (fat)?
Lipids
- Are compounds that are insoluble in water but are soluble in organic
solvents such a s ether and chloroform.
- Lipids that are important to our discussion include fats and oil
(triglycerides or triacylglycerols), fatty acids, phospholipids, and
cholesterol.
Fats
- Are esters of glycerol and three fatty acids.
- They are important in the diet as energy sources and as sources of
essential fatty acids and fat soluble vitamins, which tend to associate
with fats.
- They also contribute satiety, flavor, and palatability to the diet.
2. Function of Lipids
Lipids can serve a diverse range of functions within a cell, including:
▪ Storage of energy for long-term use (e.g. triglycerides)
▪ Hormonal roles (e.g. steroids such as estrogen and testosterone)
▪ Insulin – both thermal (triglycerides) and electrical (sphingolipids)
▪ Protection of internal organs (e.g. triglycerides and waxes)
▪ Structural components of cells (e.g. phospholipids and cholesterol)
3. What are essential fatty acids and non-essential fatty acids?
Essential Fatty Acids
▪ Unsaturated fatty acids that are essential to human health, but
cannot be manufactured in the body.
▪ Cannot be synthesizes by the body.
▪ Two types are linoleic acid and a-linoleic acid.
▪ Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid.
Non-essential Fatty Acids
▪ Various amino acids that are required for normal health and growth,
that can be synthesized within the body or derived in the body from
essential amino acids
▪ Can be synthesized by the body

▪ Include arachidic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid. Etc.
▪ Caproic acid, Lauric acid, Myristic acid, Palmitic Acid, Stearic Acid,
Arachidic Acid, Linoceric Acid.
4. Differentiate the following:
a) Saturated fat from unsaturated fats (give example)
• Saturated Fat
- Meats, Butter, and dairy products
- Solid at room temperature
- Increase levels of “bad” cholesterol (low -density
lipoprotein)
- Low-density lipoprotein clogs arteries.
• Unsaturated fat
- Vegetable oils
- Liquid at room temperature
- Increase levels of “good” cholesterol (high -density
lipoprotein)
- High- density lipoprotein, or HDL, “grabs” LDL where LDL
is broken down and eventually removed from the body.
b) Monounsaturated from polyunsaturated (give examples)
• Monounsaturated Fats
- It is a fat or fatty acid having only one double bod in their
molecular structure.
- Have a higher melting point than polyunsaturated fatty
acids; they are liquids at room temperature and
semisolids or solids when refrigerated.