The collateral blood flow to the brain is provided by

26.
The collateral blood flow to the brain is provided by the:
a. Carotid arteries c. Circle of Willis
b. Basal artery d. Vertebral arteries
ANS: C
The arterial circle (circle of Willis) (see Figure 15-20) is a structure credited with the ability to
compensate for reduced blood flow from any one of the major contributors (collateral blood
flow). The remaining options are not considered sources of collateral blood flow.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 467
27.
The nurse recognizes that a patientÕs diagnosis of a viral infection of the brainÕs meningeal
layer is supported by which diagnostic laboratory result?
PTS: 1 REF: Page 479 | Table 15-8
MULTIPLE RESPONSE

28.
Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic nerves? (Select all that apply.)
PTS: 1 REF: Page 473
29.
The sympathetic nervous system primarily serves to protect an individual by doing which of
the following? (Select all that apply.)
PTS: 1 REF: Page 476
30.
The aging process brings about what changes to human cells? (Select all that apply.)
a. Increased neurofibrillary tangles d. Decreased myelin presence
b. Imbalance of neurotransmitters e. Altered dendrite structure
c. Increased neuron production
ANS: A, B, D, E
Principal cellular changes associated with aging include a decrease in the number of neurons,
decreased myelin, decreased number of dendritic processes and synaptic connections, intracel-
lular neurofibrillary tangles, and an imbalance in the amount and distribution of neurotrans-
mitters. The aging process does not bring about an increase in neuron production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 478 | Box 15-5