coffee bean extract for 6 weeks, then a lower dosage of 700mg for another 6 weeks and finally a placebo for 6 weeks  Between each 6-week phase there was a 2-week “washout” period during which the participants took no supplements  Results showed that they lost an average of 17.5lbs in 22 weeks, reducing their overall body weight by 10.5%  No diet was involved in the study – participants’ average intake was about 2,400 calories a day; they burned about 400 calories daily in exercise and lost slightly more weight when taking the highest dose of green coffee bean extract  The study was done in India and was sponsored by the manufacturer of the product used  Chlorogenic acid – only evidence is this small-scale study o Garcina combogia – fruit rich in Hydroxycitric acid

 Can interfere with enzymes that are involved in metabolism so that carbs don’t get as easily converted into fat o Ephedrine has worked to reduce weight, but cannot be used because it causes cardiac complications Video 4  Low-carb diet – slowed mentally and physically, constipated, lost muscle  Low-fat diet – more alert, more energy o Lost roughly same amount of weight on both  Atkins’ diet – ketogenic diet (low carb diet) – when you don’t burn carbohydrates as fuel, you burn fats, and that produces ketone bodies (acetone) o Lead to weight loss o High in protein and fat o Issues in eating a lot of red meat  High carbohydrate diet – cutting down on proteins and fats and eating lots of starchy materials (hopefully with fiber) o Dr. Dean Ornish – cutting down on fats to less than 7% of daily caloric intake o “Meatless, cheese less, eggless salads”  When comparing Atkins, Ornish, Zone, and LEARN diets, weight loss was greatest in the Atkins group o HDL, triglycerides, and blood pressure favored the Atkins group  Zone diet – maintain an ideal ration of protein to carbohydrates in each meal without calorie counting o Carbs – 40% o Protein – 30% o Fat – 30%  Duke University study – 60 people on Atkins, 60 on AHA diet (low-fat diet) o More weight loss under Atkins even though calorie intake was same o LDL was roughly the same for both (stayed the same) o Triglycerides went down on Atkins and up on AHA o HDL went up on Atkins and stayed the same on AHA  Carbohydrates break down to simple sugars, mostly glucose o Glucose triggers insulin release o Insulin allows glucose to be absorbed through receptors by muscle cells and be used for energy o With too much insulin in the blood, receptors are overwhelmed and become “resistant” o Glucose is absorbed into fat cells and is converted to fat o In the absence of glucose in the blood, stored fat is used to produce energy and weight loss occurs  Also promoting ketosis  Problems in Atkins diet – deficient in fruits and fiber; puts burden on kidneys