Western cultures creative thought and abstract

-western cultures: creative thought and abstract reasoning
- Eastern : pragmatic intelligence, apply it to other people

General and Specific
Intelligence
Scores on Simon and
Binet’s test items were
all loosely correlated
with each other, which
motivated Charles
Spearman to formulate
the theory of General
and Specific Intelligence.
According to Spearman (1927), we acquire
specialized knowledge for everything we do (s).
However, the general effectiveness (think: mental
horsepower) of each individual’s brain also applies to
everything we do (g).
-may have one intelligence for one topic and completely different intelligence for another topic

Multiple Intelligences
•
Spearman’s concept of g has an issue:
•
Performance on question A does not uniformly
predict performance on questions B, C, and D
•
The predictive value of g is “clumpy”
•
Some types of topics/questions have more shared
intelligence (g) than others
-some question categories better predict performance in subjects than other categories

Multiple Intelligences
•
The multiple intelligences theory was proposed to
reconcile anomalies with the concept of g
•
Concept:
•
There is not a single g and many, many specific s’s
•
There are a handful of broad domains of intellectual
skill

Multiple Intelligences
There are multiple, broad categories of
intelligence that all contribute to behavior
linguistic
mathematic
spatial
musical
kinesthetic
interpersonal
intrapersonal
naturalistic
BEHAVIOR
-Great abilities in one area and weaker in another
-
ie) bling havung extremely good analytical hearing and autistic man with incredible
memory (panormama of rome)

Multiple Intelligences
•
The multiple intelligences categories are consistent
with savantism. Austistic savants tend to show
profound ability in one domain of intelligence, while
severely lacking in all others
•
Video 1
•
Video 2
•
Video 3
-
Difficulties : linguistic , intrapersonal, kinesthetic
-
Savants – disability in normal functions but excel in others

Multiple Intelligences
•
One of the implications of the theory of multiple
intelligences is that we can “teach towards a
person’s strengths”
•
Example:
•
Multiply 3 x 4 (mathematical vs. spatial)
•
What would Simon and Binet say about the idea
of “teaching to a person’s strengths”?

Fluid and Crystallized
Intelligence
•
Fluid Intelligence:
•
The capacity to learn new ways of solving
problems, and adapt to circumstances
•
Crystallized Intelligence:
•
Accumulated knowledge
-come up with creative solution
Has cultural influence : western  fluid and eastern  crystallized

The concepts of fluid and
crystallized intelligence can
explain why we see
distinctions in cultural views
of intelligence. Recall: Some cultures consider intelligence to be “innovative
thinking”. However, other cultures consider intelligence to
be “the ability to impart knowledge”. This distinction is
captured well by the fluid/crystallized distinction.