Your parents get angry over little things
Unpopular with the opposite sex:
I do not get along very well with girls
I do not get along very well with boys
Life hassles:
My classmates do not like me
Kaplan (1975)
Self-derogation
On the whole, I am satisfied with myself (true or false)
I certainly feel useless at times (true or false)
I’m inclined to feel I’m a failure (true or false)
4. Research Hypothesis
(A theory leads to hypothesis; a theory contains many hypotheses)
- a proposed relationship between two or more theoretical construct or variables
OR
- a tentative statement involving a relationship between two variables
Deterrence/Rational Choice Theory
Hypotheses
:
The death penalty should deter homicide
Punishment should prevent future crimes
Routine Activities Theory
Hypothesis:
Crime rates is higher when routines activities takes
people away from their homes
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Crime can be prevented by reducing opportunities
Variables: a characteristic that varies
Independent (IV)
: proposed influence; explanatory variable; predictor or
cause or leads to
Dependent (DV)
: variation in this variable is a function of an independent
variable; outcome variable; effect; consequence
Examples of Hypotheses
_ = independent ;
italicized
= dependent
What is the independent and dependent variables in these sentences?
1.
The greater the social disorganization
in a community, the higher the
rate of
crime
.
2.
As one’s self-control
gets stronger, the fewer
delinquent acts
on commits.
What is the independent and dependent variables in these sentences?
1.
As the unemployment rates
in a community decreases, the
community rates
of
property crime decreases.
2.
As the discrepancy between one’s aspirations and expectations
increases,
one’s
level of strain
increases.
3.
Crime
is lower in those communities where the police patrol on foot
.
4.
SCOPE
A weak theory is one that only accounts for a single behavior
For example: a theory that only explains check forgery is very limited
Therefore, a better theory explains many other criminal behavior
THE CLASSICAL AND POSITIVIST SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT
The Classical School
Cesare Beccaria (Crime and Punishment) and Jeremy Bentham (Hedonistic Calculus)
formed the foundation for classical criminology
Criminal law should be more humanitarian (should we do away with the death
penalty?)
People have free will
People seek pleasure and avoid pain (commit crimes to get pleasure)
Crime is prevented as long as the punishment outweigh the benefit of the crime
Definition of crime: legal
Human beings are rational
Crime is due to free will

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- Spring '08
- Staff
- Akers
-
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