To make it more difficult for non technical people to

to make it more difficult for non-technical people to justify choosing a certain course
of action over another course of action (e.g., spending more capital expenditures on
product Z over product P).
3) Data are subject to useless information (commonly known as noise). A single
incorrect or useless variable can corrupt the results and require additional labor hours
to work with the data in order to attain meaningful results.
4) User-level data results require interpretation prior to use. Generally, collected data
are converted from text format to data visualizations. Data visualizations assist with
identifying trends and correlations that run the risk of going undetected in text-based
data.
17. Data Visualization
a. Data visualization refers to any effort to help readers or other users understand the
significance of data by placing it in a visual context, such as a graph or chart. Trends,
correlations, or other arrangements that might often be overlooked in text-based data
can be illustrated and thus recognized more easily with data visualization software.
Visualizations are for the benefit of decision makers; the computers themselves do not
use or need visualizations for decision making.
b. Data visualization tools may provide interactive capabilities that allow users to manipulate
data or drill into the data for what-if-type analysis.
1) Visualizations facilitate visual comparisons between data elements, which helps
decision makers identify patterns, deviations from patterns, and outliers in the
analysis stage. This is accomplished in an efficient manner.
2) Visualizations are usually understood by a wider audience because they reduce the
message to its core components and use minimal jargon.
3) Visualization options include histograms, boxplots, scatter plots, dot plots, tables,
dashboards, bar charts, pie charts, line charts, and bubble charts. Additionally,
adding colors and shapes assists with more effectively communicating results by
decreasing the burden of decision makers interpreting vast amounts of information
and instead concentrating on the more vital information.
a) Business intelligence tools include the capability of grouping the various
visualization options onto a digital dashboard . The dashboard allows the user
to pre-select the chart types he or she will use for assistance with decision
making.

SU 16: Systems Development and Data Analytics
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18. Statistical Control Charts
a. Statistical control charts are graphic aids for monitoring the status of any process subject to
acceptable or unacceptable variations during repeated operations.
1) They also have applications of direct interest to auditors and accountants, for example,
(a) unit cost of production, (b) direct labor hours used, (c) ratio of actual expenses
to budgeted expenses, (d) number of calls by sales personnel, or (e) total accounts
receivable.