b.
Demographic shift was accompanied by secularization, break up of extended families,
and a sharp rise in the need of governmental regulation and intervention
c.
Offset of the problems associated with the changes brought by revolution: major
advances in living standards, political gains by organized labor, and consumer related
technological innovation
d.
Economic characterization of Post-industrial societies
i.
Shifts: manufacturing to service sector, domestic to international markets, cash
and carry based economy to credit and installment buying economy, one income
families to two income families, saving culture to a consuming culture
ii.
Overdevelopment or reverse development
1.
Revers development: outmigration from cities to suburbs, leaving
behind slums and deteriorating schools, services, and tax bases
2.
Overdevelopment: concentration of people and urban sprawl (big and
congested cities)
A.
Economic growth in post industrial nations lure individuals in
search of opportunities for a better life and even just for
enjoyment. As cities become overcrowded, population growth
outpaces the capacity of local governments to maintain
adequate police and fire protection, sanitation, schools,
hospitals, streets, parks, and other amenities
B.
Other problems associated with overcrowding: traffic, air and
noise pollution, crime, juvenile delinquency, drug abuse, high
divorce rates, homelessness, and various stress related
problems that worsen all other problems
C.
Immigration:
rise of xenophobia and tensions between natives
and immigrants. Influx of illegal immigrants is costly for
governments, disruptive for communities, and potentially
destabilizing. People are more likely to resent foreigners when
they already feel cramped for space or squeezed for jobs.
D.
Postindustrial socieites have failed to solve the economic
problems associated with the capitalist business cycle= job
crunch.
Inflation rates, lay offs, unemployment, and labor
unrest = decreasing confidence in the government
E.
Postinudstrial nations face policy problems arising from past
economicc and technological successes: societies change and
new circumstances can and often giver rise to new political
forces
i.
Environmental threats giver rise to new policy problems
