O machine learning information systems are considered

o Machine learning
 Information systems are considered strategic when they provide a competitive advantage
 Effective vs Efficient
o Effective – High quality
o Efficient – Low cost
 Information systems’ vital role in three areas of business processes:
o Executing the process
 Informing employees when it is time to complete a task
 Providing required data
 Providing a means to complete the task
o Capturing and Storing Process Data
 Processes generate data
 IS’s capture and store process data
 Capturing and storing data provides immediate feedback
o Monitoring Process Performance
 IS evaluates information to determine how well a process is being executed
 Evaluations occur at two levels
 Instance level – Status of a purchase; order history
 Process level – How’s the process doing
 Monitoring identifies problems for process improvement
 Business Process Reengineering (BPR) – A radical redesign of an organization’s business processes to
increase productivity and profitability
 Business Process Improvement (BPI) – An incremental approach to move an organization towards
business process centered operations
 Globalization – The integration and interdependence of economic, social, cultural, and ecological
facets of life, made possible by rapid advances in IT
 “The World is Flat” by Thomas Friedman
o Technology is leveling global competition making the world “flat”

 Friedman’s Three Eras of Globalization
o Globalization 1.0 – Countries
o Globalization 2.0 – Companies
o Globalization 3.0 – Individuals and Groups
LECTURE 5
 3D References – columns, rows, and worksheets are the three dimensions
o ‘ Quarter 1’! D6*(1+ $B$50)
 Worksheet name
 Cell address in Quarter 1 sheet
 Cell address in the current sheet
 A 3D reference can refer to the same cell address in multiple sheets in a single formula
o SUM(‘ Quarter1:Quarter4’! E6)
 The range of worksheets to use in the computation: Q1 to Q4
 The common cell address from all of the sheets
LECUTRE 6
 Formula Auditing
o Trace Precedents (Direct)
o Trace Precedents (Indirect)
o Trace Dependents

o Show Formulas
 Collaborative Consumption and Sharing Economy – Terms used to describe the appearance of new
marketplaces where excess capacity in goods and services can be shared efficiently using
information technology
o Good Quality Information – The premise for the success of all marketplaces
LECTURE 7