Persons who supervises the activities of one or more employees Top Management Teams  High-ranking executives who plan a company’s strategy so that the company can achieve its goal. Organizational effectiveness  Is the ability of an organization to achieve its goals. The study of OB helps managers mee the challenge of improving organizational effectiveness by providing them with a set of tools o Raising self-esteem o Change the reward system to which their rewards depend on their performance o A manager can make the task more enjoyable or easier, manager can change the design or rules and procedures for doing the job to reduce costs Managerial Functions  Management (What are the four functions or duties of management) is the process of 1. Planning (deciding how best to allocate and use resources to achieve organizational goals) 2. Organizing ( establishing a structure of relationships that dictates how members of an organization work together to achieve organizational goals) 3. Leading (managers encouraging and coordinating individuals and groups so that all organizational members are working to achieve organizational goals) 4. Controlling (monitoring and evaluating individual, group, and organizational performance to see whether organizational goals are being achieved. It’s controlling an organization’s human, financial, material, and other resources to increase effectiveness. Role

Human skills  The ability to understand, work with, lead, and control the behavior of other people and groups. ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND Technical Skills  Job-specific knowledge and techniques. For ex: The manager of a restaurant needs to be able to cook in case a chef is absent Challenges for OB 1. Changing social/cultural environment a. Companies/firms adapting to change. Ex: Google has sleeping ppods, telecommuting (working from home) 2. Evolving global environment a. Taylor their company 3. Advancing info. Techno a. Altered ways they market to their customers 4. Shifting work/employment relationships Open system  An organization takes in resources from an external environment and converts or transforms them into goods and services that are sent back to that environment, where they are bought by customers o Input stage: companies (Ford, GE, GAP) acquire raw materials, component parts, skilled employees, robots, and computer-controlled manufacturing equip. o Conversion stage: The organizations workforce, using appropriate skills, tools, techn., machinery, and equipment, transforms the inputs into outputs of finished goods and services, such as card, appliances, clothing, and food. o Output stage: Releases finished goods and services and thus becomes loyal customers