White beans peanut butter soy excess amounts of amino

○ White beans
○ Peanut butter
● Soy:
○ Excess amounts of amino acids
○ Easy to grow and use
■ Soy protein
■ Soy flour
● Ex: used in bacon bits
○ WWII: soybeans were used in NA and UK as a replacement for the meat that was
scarce
Video 7:
● Red meat consumption:
○ NA - major part of the diet
■ Study: ~38,000 men and ~84,000 women were studied for the connection
between processed and unprocessed red meat consumption and mortality
● Findings:
○ There is an enhanced mortality by ~13% based on an
individual’s consumption of processed > unprocessed red
meat
■ 1 serving unprocessed red meat per day = 1.13
mortality
■ 1 serving processed red meat per day = 1.2
○ ~8-9% fewer deaths if individuals had consumed less than
0.5 servings/day

■ Meta-analysis on red meat consumption: nine studies were included to
summarize evidence on red meat and process meat consumption in
relationship to mortality
● Findings: ~20% mortality enhancement is due to eating one more
than a portion/day of processed meat or red meat - not unprocessed
red meat
○ Depends on individual level
● Raising meat:
○ To raise and slaughter one cow = 5-7 barrels of oil energy
■ 1/16th of energy to grow certain vegetables in comparison to beef
■ Carbon footprint: 24:1 vegetable:beef production that results in CO2 in
atmosphere
○ In hectare, ~54 kg of soy protein produce around 3 kg of beef as a result of ⅓
feeding that soy protein to the cattle
● Efficiency of protein production:
○ Beef:
■ 5%
■ Grain to protein ratio: 7-16:1
○ Pork:
■ 12%
■ Grain to protein ratio: 4:1
○ Chicken:
■ 18%
■ Grain to protein ratio: 2:1
○ Milk - 23%
○ Eggs - 23%
○ Farmed fish:
■ Grain to protein ratio: 1.5:1
● Asian markets increase consumption of red meat more than NA markets
○ Ex: China imports for meat surged in 2012, with an extreme increase in
2013/2014
● Recommended portion size:
○ ~3 oz or a deck of cards is recommended
○ Average 8 oz portion size given at restaurants
● Protein alternatives:
○ Ex: McGill students awarded $1 million Hult Prize in plan to produce lime
cricket chips/insect protein out of insects
■ German cockroach: 44% protein in terms of efficiency of feed to body
substance
■ Beef: 10% protein in terms of efficiency of feed to body substance

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