Car seats have
expiration dates
o
Car seats cannot be re-used if they were in a car accident
o
Car seats should never be purchased used
o
Any broken pieces of a car seat (straps, buckles) render the seat useless
Health Concerns in Infancy
o
Failure to Thrive
Inadequate growth resulting from inability to obtain and/or use calories
Three Types:
Organic: Known cause
related to diagnosis
– metabolic disorder

Nonorganic: cause
not related to diagnosis
– nothing physically wrong with kid, usually social issue (PT edu)
Idiopathic:
cause unknown
o
Colic
Cries for more than 3 hours a day for at least 3 days a week
More common in infants under 3 months, usually resolves within 3 months
Usually no medical cause, but it can be associated with abdominal cramping and gas
Harmless, but….
Leads to HIGH risk of abuse***
Make sure ALL needs are met – leave room and take a BREAK
o
SIDS
Sudden death of an infant <1 year of age that remains
unexplained after autopsy
3rd leading cause
of death in infants to 1 year
Peak age
is 2-4 months
SIDS Risk Factors
Stomach Sleeping
Male Child
History of Prematurity
Age 2-4 months
Mom age less than 20 (organic coorelation)
Second Hand Smoke Exposure
Lack of Breastfeeding
How to Reduce SIDS
“Back to Sleep”
Safe Bedding
No Co-Sleeping
Use of pacifier
Avoid too warm of an environment
o
ALTE – Apparent Life Threatening Event
Apnea, color change, choking or gagging
Can be symptom of underlying disorder
Admit for observation and possibly further testing
o
Jaundice
Pathological
Physiological
ABNORMAL
NORMAL (pattern of color change)
Appears in first
24 hours
Appears sometime in first
WEEK
Causes are more severe, such as liver
infection, bile duct obstruction,
metabolic disorder
Usually simple cause: baby’s immature liver
cannot breakdown and excrete hemoglobin
quickly enough
Kernicterus – untreated jaundice that causes permanent brain damage
o
Plagiocephaly
o
Infant Abuse
o
Immunization
Pathological jaundice differs from physiological jaundice in that pathological:
o
is usually less severe
o
appears about 24 hours after birth
o
is present at birth
o
requires only frequent feedings and stools for resolution
Plagiocephaly/Brachecephaly
o
When the infant’s
soft skull becomes flattened
in one area, due to repeated pressure on that particular part of the head
o
Does not affect brain,
cosmetic issue
o
More common in premature infants
o
Tummy time
**Kids with helmets***
Infant Abuse
o
Abuse
Physical
Bruises (on ribs/back)
Broken bones
Shaking –
retinal hemorrhage and brain damage
Choking
Sexual
Any sexual contact
o
Neglect
Medical
Nutrition
Environmental
o
Important to distinguish between lack of resources, knowledge deficit, and patterns of behavior

o
***NURSES ARE MANDATED TO REPORT****
Abuse Risk Factors
o
Child factors
Preterm birth, illness, congenital defects
Feeding/sleeping issues
fussiness, colic
o
Parent factors
Child was unwanted/ unplanned
History of abuse, mental illness, substance abuse
Low financial status
Outside stressors
Immunization
Vaccines
o
Please see the CDC’s website for more information about vaccine-preventable diseases.

You've reached the end of your free preview.
Want to read all 26 pages?
- Spring '17
- Mucus, pain scale