II.B.
Girls: self-interest
balanced concern for the welfare of self and others
B.1.
Individual survival (me)
B.2.
Self-sacrifice (others)
B.3.
Equality (me and others)
II.C.
But, boys and girls are more similar than they are different. The theory
over emphasizes
•
Cognitive Development
I.
Jean Piaget
I.A.
Stage 1: Sensorimotor (0-2 yrs)
A.1.
2 months on – memory for things
1.i.
Kicking
mobile moves
A.2.
Object permanence – things don’t disappear if cannot see them
2.i.
5 month old infants can reason about hidden objects
i.a.
Interactions with visible objects
I.B.
Stage 2: Preoperational (2-7 yrs)
B.1.
Egocentric thought: think the side of others
B.2.
Animism: don’t understand which objective is alive
B.3.
Transductive reasoning: don’t have logic order
B.4.
One concept at a time
I.C.
Early childhood (2-7yrs)
C.1.
Age 2 solitary play
C.2.
Between 2-5yrs parallel play
C.3.
By end of preoperational stage, cooperative play
C.4.
Stage when kids have imaginary friend
I.D.
Stage 3: Concrete operational (7-11 yrs)
D.1.
Reversibility: reverse argument
经经
D.2.
Conservation: start to realize different shape but same volume
2.i.
Which row of M&M has more, children choose the less but wilder
row,
2.ii.
Which row want to eat, children choose more. They don’t
understand “more”
2.iii.
Kids between 3 and 4.7 yrs can answer top question
D.3.
Decantation of thought:
I.E.
Stage 4: formal operational (11+)
E.1.
Abstract concepts: thought rather than objects
E.2.
Adolescent egocentrism
2.i.
Imaginary audience: think everyone is watching them
2.ii.
Personal fable: your life is so hard that others cannot imagine
2.iii.
Hypocrisy: kids have rules that are different from adults, they give
themselves free passes
2.iv.
Pseudostupidity
•
Emotional/Social Development
I.
Infancy (2 wks to 2yrs)
I.A.
Smiling (around 2mos)
I.B.
Anger (6-9 mos)
I.C.
Attachment (fully developed by 2yrs)
I.D.
Separation anxiety (6-9 mos)
II.
Adolescence
II.A.
Social
A.1.
Peers extremely important
A.2.
Distancing from parents
II.B.
Emotional
B.1.
Parent-child conflicts
B.2.
Mood changes
B.3.
Risky behavior
Outline for class 15: Motivation and Emotion
•
What is motivation?
I.
2 types
I.A. Biological motives (food, drink, warmth)
A.1.
Hunger
A.2.
Thirst
I.B. Psychological motives
B.1.
Novel stimulation
1.i.
Optimal arousal
1.ii. Yerkes-Dodson Law
B.2.
Affiliation
B.3.
Achievement
3.i. Mastery
3.ii. Performance approach
3.iii.
Performance avoidance
B.4.
Opponent-Process Theory
B.5.
Intrinsic and extrinsic
B.6.
Maslow's Hierarchy
•
Emotions
•
Theories of Emotion
I. James-Lange
II. Cannon-Bard Theory
III.
Cognitive Theory
Outline for class 16: Social psychology
•
What is it?
•
Groups
I. Deindividuation
I.A. When people are in the group but tend to feel anonymous and unidentifiable
A.1.
Lynch mobs
A.2.
Kitty Genovese: a woman who was beaten and starve to death. 38 people
were watching but did nothing to help her
2.i.
Diffusion of responsibility
经经经经经经
: other people there, more people
there, less sense of responsibility
2.ii.
Being a part of the group help to act
2.iii.
Steps to help people
iii.a.
Notice an event
iii.b.
Interpret as an emergency
iii.c.
